Coupling coordination relationship between ecosystem services and water-land resources for the Daguhe River Basin,...

Water and land resource utilization is an important driving force of changes in ecosystem services; therefore, research on multi-parameter coupling systems that consider "ecosystem services, water resources, and land resources" together has key significance for river basins. This study aims to reveal the interaction and mutual influence of ecosystem services and water and land resources in the Daguhe River Basin, China, based on the coupling coordination degree model. The results showed that during the period from 2000 to 2010, the coupling coordination degree values for the years 2000, 2005, and 2010 were 0.6005, 0.7292, and 0.8037. The corresponding coupling coordination classifications were categorized as "primary coordinated development", "intermediate coordinated development," and "well-coordinated development", respectively. These results reflected the fact that the relationship between water and land resource utilization and the environment tends to evolve in the direction of coordinated development (an improvement in one part corresponds to an improvement in another part) with variation in water and land utilization types, and eventually pushes the whole resource, as well as ecological and environmental systems, from low to high levels of coupling coordination degrees as observed in case of the Daguhe River Basin, China. Our research provides an overview of the interaction between ecosystem services and water and land resources in the Daguhe Basin and even in the Shandong Province. With our results, we offer new perspectives on river basin management and for planning future eco-environmental policies (the policy is specifically designed for the ecological environment) by combining water and land resource utilization.