Phototherapy (cluster multi-diode 630 nm and 940 nm) on the healing of pressure injury: A pilot study

The therapeutic benefits of LED in wound care have been reported since the 1990s. Nevertheless, studies directly related to the effects of LED phototherapy on the venous and arterial circulation and the healing process of pressure injuries are scarce in literature. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a LED phototherapy prototype in participants with pressure injuries. In this pilot study 15 participants were randomized into three therapeutic groups. The experimental groups received applications of 630 and 940 nm LED three times a week for 8 weeks, with a dose of 6 J/cm² in Group I. In group II, a dose of 8 J/cm² in addition to the standard treatment. Group III (control group) received only daily standard treatment which consisted of cleaning the lesioned area with physiological solution, followed by application of an alginate hydrogel dressing over a period of 8 weeks. Pressure injuries were photographed and the area was measured by the Quantikov® image analyzer software. There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between the three groups when assessing the initial lesion area. At the end of 2 months, the median and interquartile ranges of the injuries were 5.90 (0.79-9.5) cm² for group I, 0.54 (0.47-1.16) cm² for group II and 26.76 (17.25-41.05) for group III. There was a statistically significant difference between treatment types (I x III and II x III) for pressure injuries over the 21 sessions. However, there was no significant difference between groups I x II that received different doses of LED phototherapy. The initial hypothesis was supported given that the combination of two wavelengths in the LED phototherapy with different doses may be helpful in accelerating the healing of pressure injuries.