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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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The nursing management of Mitral Valve Prolapse, or MVP, centers around patient education, symptom monitoring, and lifestyle modifications.Patient Education on MVP Diagnosis and Heredity: Nurses should provide comprehensive education about MVP, a condition where the mitral valve does not close appropriately during heartbeats. This education often includes the condition's pathophysiology, symptoms, and potential complications, like arrhythmias or mitral regurgitation. Though not fully...
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Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
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Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses
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COVID-19 in pregnancy.

Melanie Nana1, Catherine Nelson-Piercy2

  • 1Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK melanienana28@hotmail.com.

Clinical Medicine (London, England)
|September 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Pregnant women with COVID-19 may be less symptomatic but face higher risks for severe disease, including preterm birth. Vaccination is safe and recommended for pregnant and breastfeeding individuals.

Keywords:
COVID-19maternal outcomesmultidisciplinary carepregnancyvaccination

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Pregnant women represent a vulnerable population during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Understanding the specific risks and management strategies for pregnant individuals with COVID-19 is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the clinical presentation, risk factors, and outcomes of COVID-19 in pregnant women.
  • To provide guidance on the management and vaccination of pregnant and breastfeeding women with COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and clinical guidelines regarding COVID-19 in pregnancy.
  • Analysis of risk factors associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes in pregnant individuals.

Main Results:

  • Pregnant women with COVID-19 are less likely to exhibit symptoms compared to non-pregnant individuals.
  • Risk factors for severe disease include advanced maternal age, obesity, and comorbidities.
  • Severe cases are associated with increased ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and preterm birth.

Conclusions:

  • Pregnant and breastfeeding women with COVID-19 require careful monitoring and may benefit from proven therapies on a risk/benefit basis.
  • Multidisciplinary care and early intervention are recommended for admitted patients.
  • COVID-19 vaccination is safe for pregnant and breastfeeding women and should be offered based on age and clinical risk.