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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Real-time Observation of the DNA Strand Exchange Reaction Mediated by Rad51
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The RAD51 recombinase protects mitotic chromatin in human cells.

Isabel E Wassing1, Emily Graham1, Xanita Saayman1

  • 1Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

Nature Communications
|September 11, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RAD51 recombinase protects under-replicated DNA during mitosis, promoting mitotic DNA synthesis (MiDAS) and chromosome segregation. This unexpected role of RAD51 is crucial for maintaining genome stability in dividing human cells.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • RAD51 recombinase is vital for genome integrity.
  • RAD51's role in interphase is well-understood, but its function during mitosis is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of RAD51 in mitosis.
  • To determine if RAD51 influences mitotic DNA synthesis (MiDAS) and chromosome segregation.

Main Methods:

  • Studied human cells under replication stress.
  • Analyzed RAD51 recruitment and phosphorylation by Polo-like kinase 1.
  • Assessed the impact of MiDAS inhibition on mitotic progression.

Main Results:

  • RAD51 protects under-replicated DNA in mitotic cells.
  • RAD51 promotes MiDAS and successful chromosome segregation.
  • MiDAS requires RAD51 recruitment to single-stranded DNA, facilitated by Polo-like kinase 1.
  • Inhibiting MiDAS delays anaphase onset and causes centromere fragility.

Conclusions:

  • RAD51 has an unexpected function in promoting genomic stability during mitosis.
  • RAD51-mediated MiDAS is a mechanism to prevent mitotic errors when replication is incomplete.