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Diversity of Protists IV

Diversity of Protists IV

Amoebozoa represent a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists that utilize lobe-shaped pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding. This characteristic differentiates them from the Rhizaria, which possess threadlike pseudopodia. The primary classifications within Amoebozoa include gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Amoebozoa diverged from a lineage that ultimately gave rise to fungi and animals.Gymnamoebas and...

Diversity of Protists II

Diversity of Protists II

Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...

Diversity of Protists III

Diversity of Protists III

Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...

Diversity of Protists I

Diversity of Protists I

Excavata is a diverse group of protists that includes both chemoorganotrophic and phototrophic species, with some thriving in anaerobic environments. Among the key groups within Excavata are diplomonads and parabasalids, which are flagellated protists that lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. These microorganisms typically inhabit anoxic environments, such as the intestines of animals, where they exist either symbiotically or as parasites, relying on fermentation for energy production. Some...

Other Algae

Other Algae

The group Stramenopiles include some phototrophic microorganisms. Members of this group possess flagella covered in numerous short, hairlike extensions, a feature that inspired the group's name, derived from the Latin words for "straw" and "hair." Some of the main categories of Stramenopiles include diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae.Diatoms are unicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes, with over 200 known genera. They play a key role in the planktonic communities of both marine and...

Green Algae

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Green algae, also referred to as chlorophytes, are different from red algae in having the chloroplasts containing chlorophylls a and b, which give them their distinct green hue. However, they lack phycobiliproteins, preventing them from developing the red or blue-green pigmentation seen in red algae. In terms of photosynthetic pigment composition, green algae closely resemble plants and share a close evolutionary relationship with them. Taxonomically Green algae belong to Phylum Chlorophyta in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Published on: March 31, 2023

Future phytoplankton diversity in a changing climate.

Stephanie A Henson¹, B B Cael², Stephanie R Allen^2,3,4

¹National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, UK. s.henson@noc.ac.uk.

Nature Communications

|September 11, 2021

Summary

Marine phytoplankton communities will become more unstable and lose resilience due to climate change this century. This increased turnover and altered diversity impact marine ecosystem productivity and function.

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Area of Science:

Marine ecology
Oceanography
Climate change science

Background:

Marine ecosystems are vital, with phytoplankton forming their base.
Current models inadequately represent phytoplankton diversity for climate change projections.
Anthropogenic forcing poses an uncertain threat to marine ecosystem diversity.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze changes in phytoplankton community composition, turnover, and size structure.
To evaluate the impact of 21st-century climate change on marine phytoplankton.
To assess the ecological resilience of marine ecosystems under future forcing.

Main Methods:

Utilized a complex ecosystem model incorporating 35 phytoplankton types.
Simulated marine ecosystem responses to anthropogenic forcing over the 21st century.
Analyzed shifts in phytoplankton community dynamics, including turnover and size distribution.

Main Results:

Phytoplankton community turnover is projected to accelerate throughout the 21st century.
Marine phytoplankton communities are predicted to become increasingly unstable.
Phytoplankton diversity alterations suggest a decline in ecological resilience.

Conclusions:

Accelerated turnover and reduced diversity indicate a loss of marine ecosystem resilience.
Climate change impacts on phytoplankton have significant implications for marine productivity.
Future marine ecosystem functioning is likely to be affected by altered plankton communities.