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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
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Origami Inspired Self-assembly of Patterned and Reconfigurable Particles
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Clusters formed by dumbbell-like one-patch particles confined in thin systems.

Masahide Sato1

  • 1Emerging Media Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan. msato002@staff.kanazawa-u.ac.jp.

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|September 11, 2021
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Summary

Monte Carlo simulations reveal how dumbbell-like particles form clusters between walls. Particle shape and system thickness influence cluster morphology, ranging from island-like to chain-like and polygonal structures.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Computational Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Understanding particle self-assembly is crucial for designing novel materials.
  • Dumbbell-like particles, formed by merging distinct spheres, exhibit complex aggregation behaviors.
  • Confined geometries, such as thin films, significantly alter particle interactions and cluster formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cluster morphology of dumbbell-like one-patch particles in a confined thin space.
  • To determine the influence of particle geometry (diameter ratio q, center distance l) on cluster shape.
  • To explore the effect of system thickness on cluster dimensionality.

Main Methods:

  • Isothermal-isochoric Monte Carlo simulations were employed.
  • A modified Kern-Frenkel potential was used to model inter-particle interactions.
  • The Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) model was considered for specific interactions.

Main Results:

  • Island-like clusters form under specific conditions ([Formula: see text]).
  • Increasing the diameter ratio (q) leads to chain-like, elongated, and polygonal cluster structures.
  • Increasing the center distance (l) promotes three-dimensional cluster growth due to increased system thickness.

Conclusions:

  • Particle shape and confinement dictate cluster morphology in confined systems.
  • The studied dumbbell particles can self-assemble into diverse structures based on geometric parameters.
  • These findings provide insights into the self-assembly of complex particles in thin-film environments.