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Related Concept Videos

Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

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A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
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Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

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Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
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Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

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Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
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Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

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In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention01:30

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Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed....
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Updated: Oct 20, 2025

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure
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Pneumothorax in a Preterm Neonate: A Case Report.

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JNMA; Journal of the Nepal Medical Association
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Neonatal pneumothorax, an air collection in the chest, can be serious. This case study shows successful management of pneumothorax in a preterm infant using venous catheter drainage.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Pneumothorax, or air in the pleural space, is a serious condition with high morbidity and mortality in neonates, especially those requiring assisted ventilation.
  • Common management strategies include chest tube placement and needle drainage, but these carry risks.
  • Late preterm infants are particularly vulnerable to respiratory complications.

Observation:

  • A 35+2 week gestation infant presented with respiratory distress and worsening condition despite mechanical Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP).
  • Chest X-ray confirmed a diagnosis of pneumothorax.
  • The infant required intervention for the pneumothorax.

Findings:

  • Pneumothorax was successfully managed using venous catheter drainage inserted at the second intercostal space with an underwater seal.
  • The infant demonstrated stable vital signs and a normal breathing pattern post-procedure.
  • The infant was discharged on the 10th day of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admission.

Implications:

  • Venous catheter drainage offers a viable and effective minimally invasive option for managing neonatal pneumothorax.
  • This approach may reduce the risks associated with traditional chest tube placement in vulnerable neonates.
  • Successful management of pneumothorax can lead to improved outcomes and shorter NICU stays for preterm infants.