Dynamics prediction of emerging notable spike protein mutations in SARS-CoV-2 implies a need for updated vaccines

The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 plays a crucial role in binding with the human cell surface, which causes its pathogenicity. This study aimed to predict molecular dynamics change of emerging variants in the spike protein. In this study, several structural biology tools, such as SuperPose, were utilized to study spike protein structures' thermodynamics, superimposition, and the spike protein disulphide bonds. This questions the current vaccines efficacies that were based on the Nextstrain clade 19A that first documented in Wuhan and lacks any variants. The prediction results of this study have exhibited the stabilizing role of the globally dominant variant, the D614G; clade 20A, and other variants in addition to their role in increasing the flexibility of the spike protein of the virus. The SuperPose findings have revealed a conformational change impact of D614G in allowing the polybasic Furin cleavage site (⁶⁸²RRAR↓S⁶⁸⁶) to be closer to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and hence more exposed to cleavage. The presence of D614G in any clade or subclade, such as 20A, B.1.1.7 (20I/501Y.V1) or Alpha, B.1.351 (20H/501Y.V2) or Beta, P.1 (20J/501Y.V3) or Gamma, B.1.617.2 (21A/478K.V1) or Delta, has increased its stability and flexibility and unified the superimposition among all clades which might impact the virus ability to escape the antibodies neutralization by changing the antigenicity drift of the protein three-dimensional (3D) structure from the wild type clade 19A; this is in agreement with previous study. In conclusion, a new design for the current vaccines to include at least the mutation D614G is immediately needed.