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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Analysis of Electrocardiograms and Behavior in Mice from Pregnancy to Lactation Period

Analysis of Electrocardiograms and Behavior in Mice from Pregnancy to Lactation Period

Published on: April 5, 2024

Developmental gains and losses during parenthood.

Elizabeth M Westrupp¹, Jacqui Macdonald², Subhadra Evans²

¹Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Victoria, Australia; Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia.

Current Opinion in Psychology

|September 12, 2021

Summary

Parenthood brings both developmental losses and growth, influenced by individual and environmental factors. These gains and losses are interconnected, impacting parents during normative and non-normative life events.

Keywords:

COVID-19 Couple relationship Development Gains Loss Parenting Parents Transition to parenthood

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Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure

Published on: September 19, 2019

Area of Science:

Developmental Psychology
Lifespan Development
Family Studies

Background:

Parenthood significantly alters adult functioning, presenting opportunities for growth alongside challenges.
Increased responsibilities and reduced support systems are common during this transition.
Life events, both normative (parenthood) and non-normative (COVID-19 pandemic), shape parental experiences.

Purpose of the Study:

To integrate Baltes' lifespan theory of gains and loss with Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model.
To examine the interplay of developmental gains and losses in parents' lives.
To understand the influence of individual and environmental factors on parental development.

Main Methods:

Theoretical integration of lifespan development and bioecological frameworks.
Synthesis of empirical evidence on the transition to parenthood and pandemic experiences.
Analysis of factors influencing parental gains and losses.

Main Results:

Parental experiences of developmental loss and gains/growth are intrinsically linked.
Both normative transitions (parenthood) and non-normative events (pandemic) highlight this connection.
Individual and environmental factors significantly moderate parents' experiences of gains and losses.

Conclusions:

Parental development involves a dynamic balance of gains and losses.
Interventions should consider the multifaceted individual and environmental influences on parents.
Understanding these dynamics is crucial for effective parent support programs.