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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred...
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Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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MODB: a comprehensive mitochondrial genome database for Mollusca.

Jiangyong Qu1, Yanran Xu1, Yutong Cui1

  • 1College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, No.30 Qingquan Road, Laishan District, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China.

Database : the Journal of Biological Databases and Curation
|September 12, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Mollusca mitochondrial database (MODB) offers a centralized resource for mollusk mitochondrial genome data and analysis tools. This database aids researchers in understanding mollusk diversity and evolutionary relationships.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Mollusca represents the largest marine phylum, with ongoing challenges in its systematics due to human impacts on reproduction and development.
  • Understanding molluscan diversity and classification is crucial, necessitating exploration of their mitochondrial genomes.
  • The Mollusca mitochondrial database (MODB) was created to address these needs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a comprehensive database for mollusk mitochondrial genome information.
  • To provide integrated analysis and visualization tools for researchers.
  • To facilitate a deeper understanding of molluscan biological characteristics and evolutionary history.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the Mollusca mitochondrial database (MODB).
  • Integration of bioinformatics tools including BLAST, MUSCLE, GENEWISE, and LASTZ.
  • Implementation of a phylogenetic tree for visualizing evolutionary relationships.

Main Results:

  • The database currently houses mitochondrial genome information for 616 species.
  • It offers a centralized platform for data collection, sorting, and sharing.
  • Analysis and visualization tools are readily available for user-friendly data exploration.

Conclusions:

  • MODB serves as a valuable resource for researchers studying mollusk genomics and evolution.
  • The integrated tools enhance the ability to analyze and interpret mitochondrial genome data.
  • This database supports ongoing efforts to clarify mollusk systematics and biodiversity.