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Psychoactive drugs impact brain function, influencing perception, mood, consciousness, cognition, and behavior. These substances are grouped based on their effects and the mechanisms by which they act.
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Psychoactive substance consumption: A Portuguese cross-sectional study.

Isabel C Pinto1,2, Olívia R Pereira1,2, António Fernandes3

  • 1Departamento de Tecnologias de Diagnóstico e Terapêutica, Escola Superior de Saúde do IPB, Bragança, Portugal.

Work (Reading, Mass.)
|September 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Psychoactive substance use in Portugal is common, with alcohol, tobacco, and xanthines frequently consumed, primarily for social reasons. Men tend to use alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs more, while women use anxiolytics, with young adults favoring alcohol and xanthines.

Keywords:
AlcoholAlcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST)tobaccoxanthinesyoung adult

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Substance Use Research

Background:

  • Global rise in psychoactive substance consumption presents a significant public health challenge.
  • Understanding patterns of use is crucial for developing targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the lifetime and recent prevalence of psychoactive substance use among the Portuguese population.
  • To identify primary motivations for substance consumption and associated demographic factors.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study utilizing the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST).
  • Convenience sample of 385 Portuguese individuals.
  • Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests (p < 0.05).

Main Results:

  • Lifetime prevalence: Alcohol (86%), xanthines (79%), tobacco (60%). Recent (3-month) daily use: Xanthines (49%), tobacco (22%), alcohol (9%).
  • Primary consumption reasons: Socializing for alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis; sleep for anxiolytics; cognitive enhancement for xanthines.
  • Gender and age differences observed: Men consumed more tobacco, alcohol, and illicit substances; women used anxiolytics; young adults favored alcohol, cannabis, and xanthines.

Conclusions:

  • Illicit substance use is sporadic and recreational, contrasting with regular use of alcohol, tobacco, and xanthines.
  • Young adults and men are primary consumers of alcohol, tobacco, and xanthines, while women predominantly use anxiolytics.
  • Social interaction remains the leading driver for psychoactive substance consumption across various substances.