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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation

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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...
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Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

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Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
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Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Neo-Islet Formation in Liver of Diabetic Mice by Helper-dependent Adenoviral Vector-Mediated Gene Transfer
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Hepatogenous Diabetes: A Primer.

Preetam Nath1, Anil C Anand1

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India.

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology
|September 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatogenous diabetes (HD), a form of diabetes linked to liver cirrhosis, is often overlooked. Understanding HD is crucial for managing liver disease patients and improving outcomes.

Keywords:
FBG, fasting blood glucoseFFDs, free fatty acidsHCC, hepatocellular carcinomaNAFLD, non alcoholic fatty liver diseaseOGTTs, oral glucose tolerance testschronic liver diseasecirrhosisdiabetes mellitusglucose metabolismnonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • The liver plays a key role in glucose homeostasis.
  • Chronic liver disease often leads to impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes.
  • Diabetes developing after cirrhosis onset is termed hepatogenous diabetes (HD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical implications, diagnosis, and management of hepatogenous diabetes.
  • To highlight HD as an underrecognized endocrinological event in chronic liver disease.
  • To emphasize the challenges in managing HD due to altered pharmacokinetics and hypoglycemia risks.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing knowledge.
  • Information was gathered from relevant medical literature.
  • The focus is on summarizing current understanding and clinical relevance.

Main Results:

  • Hepatogenous diabetes is associated with increased risks of hepatic decompensations (ascites, variceal bleeding, encephalopathy, renal dysfunction, HCC) and reduced survival.
  • HD differs from type 2 diabetes mellitus in risk factors, laboratory profiles, and microvascular complication incidence.
  • Management of HD is complex due to altered drug pharmacokinetics and heightened hypoglycemia risk.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatogenous diabetes is a significant complication of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis.
  • A comprehensive understanding of HD is essential for effective management by hepatologists and endocrinologists.
  • Further research and clinical attention are needed for this distinct diabetic entity.