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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
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Functionalized Graphene Platforms for Anticancer Drug Delivery.

Shabnam Sattari1, Mohsen Adeli1, Siamak Beyranvand1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.

International Journal of Nanomedicine
|September 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Functionalizing graphene and graphene oxide enhances their water dispersibility and utility in nanomedicine. This review highlights advances in graphene derivatives for biomedical uses, focusing on anticancer drug delivery systems.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Two-dimensional nanomaterials, particularly graphene, show great promise for biomedical applications like drug delivery and tissue engineering.
  • Graphene's properties (high surface area, photothermal effects, loading capacity) make it a key material, but poor water dispersibility and low functionality limit its use.
  • Functionalization is crucial for improving graphene's properties and enabling its integration into advanced nanomedicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in the functionalization of graphene derivatives for biomedical applications.
  • To discuss hydrophilic functionalization strategies for graphene and graphene oxide (GO) to enhance water dispersibility and physicochemical properties.
  • To highlight the application of polyfunctional graphene sheets in anticancer drug delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on graphene functionalization techniques.
  • Analysis of covalent and non-covalent functionalization strategies.
  • Focus on hydrophilic modifications and their impact on graphene oxide (GO).

Main Results:

  • Functionalization significantly improves graphene's water dispersibility and processability for nanomedicine.
  • Hydrophilic functionalization of graphene and GO enhances their suitability for various biomedical applications.
  • Polyfunctional graphene sheets demonstrate potential for effective anticancer drug delivery.

Conclusions:

  • Graphene functionalization is essential for overcoming limitations and unlocking its full potential in nanomedicine.
  • Tailored functionalization strategies, especially hydrophilic ones, are key to developing advanced graphene-based biomedical materials.
  • Graphene derivatives show significant promise for targeted drug delivery, particularly in cancer therapy.