Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

814
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
814
Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis01:20

Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis

2.5K
Tachyphylaxis is described as a rapid decrease in response to a drug after repeated or continuous administration of the same drug dose. It is a phenomenon where the body becomes less responsive to a particular substance or intervention over time, requiring higher doses or stronger interventions to achieve the same effect. It results from adaptive changes in the body's receptors, signaling pathways, or physiological processes that occur in response to prolonged exposure to a stimulus.
2.5K
Stimulants01:29

Stimulants

559
Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
559
Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

249
Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
249
Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

1.2K
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
1.2K
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

240
Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
240

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Characteristics of Hypotonic-Hyporesponsive Episodes (HHEs) Following Childhood Vaccination: A 13-Year Analysis of Spontaneous Reports to the Dutch Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb.

Vaccines·2026
Same author

Corrigendum to "Twenty-two year outcome of a first psychotic episode in Suriname." [Schizophrenia Research, vol. 294, 2026, pages 73-75. SCHRES10980].

Schizophrenia research·2026
Same author

Editorial: Pandemic preparedness in vaccine safety and regulation.

Frontiers in drug safety and regulation·2026
Same author

Twenty-two year outcome of a first psychotic episode in Suriname.

Schizophrenia research·2026
Same author

Cohort event monitoring of booster COVID-19 vaccine safety using patient-reported outcomes in pregnant women.

Frontiers in drug safety and regulation·2026
Same author

Perspective on Better Access to Data and Data Integration in Pharmacovigilance: Information from a Focus Group.

Drug safety·2026

Related Experiment Videos

Drug-Induced Stuttering: Occurrence and Possible Pathways.

Corine Ekhart1, Florence van Hunsel1, Peter van Harten2,3

  • 1Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands.

Frontiers in Psychiatry
|September 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A global review of drug safety reports found many medications can cause or worsen stuttering. Mechanisms involve neurotransmitter changes, with some drugs having paradoxical effects on speech fluency.

Keywords:
adverse drug reactionantidepressantsantiepilepticsantipsychoticsdopamineserotoninstuttering

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacovigilance
  • Neurology
  • Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • Stuttering is a common speech disorder, primarily affecting children, with many cases resolving naturally.
  • A drug-induced form of stuttering can emerge at any age.
  • Understanding medication side effects is crucial for managing speech fluency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify drugs associated with stuttering through pharmacovigilance data.
  • To explore the potential biological mechanisms underlying drug-induced stuttering.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive analysis of dysphemia (stuttering) reports was conducted.
  • Data were sourced from the World Health Organization's global pharmacovigilance database, VigiBase.
  • Reports from 51 countries were included in the analysis.

Main Results:

  • Over 3,300 reports of stuttering linked to drug use were identified in VigiBase.
  • Frequently implicated drug classes include antiepileptics, antidepressants, immunosuppressants, antipsychotics, and sympathomimetics.
  • A diverse range of medications was associated with stuttering onset or relapse.

Conclusions:

  • Numerous drugs are linked to the occurrence or recurrence of stuttering.
  • Potential mechanisms involve alterations in dopamine, GABA, and serotonin levels, as well as anticholinergic effects.
  • Some medications may paradoxically induce stuttering in individuals who do not typically experience it.