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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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The Use of Mouse Splenocytes to Assess Pathogen-associated Molecular Pattern Influence on Clock Gene Expression
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Circadian Rhythm Modulation of Microbes During Health and Infection.

James Alexander Pearson1, Alexander Christopher Voisey1, Kathrine Boest-Bjerg1

  • 1Diabetes Research Group, Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.

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Circadian rhythms influence gut immunity and vaccine responses. Understanding these daily biological rhythms can optimize therapeutic timing for better health outcomes.

Keywords:
bacteriacircadianimmunityinfectionvirus

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Chronobiology

Background:

  • Circadian rhythms (24-hour biological cycles) regulate host immunity.
  • Immune responses to pathogens, commensals, and vaccines exhibit daily variations.
  • Altered immune responses can affect disease susceptibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review circadian rhythm effects on gut bacteria and viruses.
  • To explore host-microbe interactions influenced by circadian rhythms during infection.
  • To discuss chronotherapy for optimizing therapeutic interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of circadian rhythms in host immunity and gut microbiota.
  • Analysis of studies on microbial infections and vaccination responses.
  • Synthesis of data on host-microbe circadian interactions.

Main Results:

  • Circadian rhythms significantly modulate host immune responses to gut microbes.
  • Time-of-day affects susceptibility to infections and vaccine efficacy.
  • Interactions between host circadian rhythms and gut viruses/bacteria are complex.

Conclusions:

  • Circadian rhythms are critical regulators of gut immunity and microbial dynamics.
  • Optimizing therapeutic strategies based on circadian rhythms (chronotherapy) holds promise.
  • Further research into chronotherapy can improve disease management and treatment success.