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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Prognostic Model for Progradient Tuberculosis Course in HIV-Infected Children.

S N Shugaeva1, E D Savilov2

  • 1Head of the Department of Phthisiopulmonology, Irkutsk State Medical University, 1 Krasnogo Vosstaniya St., Irkutsk, 664003, Russia; Leading Researcher, Irkutsk State Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education - Branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, 100 Yubileyny Microdistrict, Irkutsk, 664049, Russia.

Sovremennye Tekhnologii V Meditsine
|September 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study identifies key predictors for progressive tuberculosis in HIV-infected children, developing a prognostic model to assess disease risk. The model aids in managing tuberculosis in this vulnerable population.

Keywords:
HIV infectionprognostic model of tuberculosis courseprogressive course of tuberculosistuberculosis in children

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • HIV infection significantly increases tuberculosis (TB) risk and complicates its management.
  • Progressive forms of TB in children present unique challenges for diagnosis and treatment.
  • Identifying prognostic factors is crucial for timely intervention in pediatric TB cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine independent predictors of a progradient (progressive) course of tuberculosis in HIV-infected children.
  • To develop and validate a prognostic model for predicting the progradient course of TB in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective observational study involving 65 HIV-infected children under 15 years old diagnosed with TB between 2000 and 2014.
  • Logistic regression was employed to construct a prognostic model based on identified risk factors.
  • Model performance was evaluated using maximum likelihood, concordance coefficient, and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test.

Main Results:

  • Six independent predictors for progradient TB were identified: inadequate child observation in general medical networks, lack of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination, fatal TB in the infection source, TB diagnosis in children under 3 years, poor adherence to latent TB infection therapy, and severe immunodeficiency.
  • Risk stratification was established: minimal risk (0.3-0.4), high risk (0.5-1.0), and no risk (0-0.2).
  • Programs for quantitative and qualitative risk assessment were developed.

Conclusions:

  • The developed prognostic model utilizes essential diagnostic data, ensuring its practical utility at all stages of medical care for HIV-infected children.
  • The model facilitates risk assessment and management strategies for progressive tuberculosis in HIV-infected children.