Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Measurement of Factor V Activity in Human Plasma Using a Microplate Coagulation Assay
13:08

Measurement of Factor V Activity in Human Plasma Using a Microplate Coagulation Assay

Published on: September 9, 2012

19.1K

Diagnostic Scores and Treatment Options for Acute Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Children

Saru Kunwar1, Mohammad Alam2, Francis Ezekwueme2

  • 1Internal Medicine/Pediatrics, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, California, USA.

Cureus
|September 13, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) management requires tailored approaches due to unique hemostatic differences in children. This review highlights diagnostic scoring and treatment options for acute pediatric DIC.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Hematology
  • Thrombo-hemorrhagic Disorders
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a severe condition in critically ill children, leading to high morbidity and mortality.
  • Current DIC management relies on treating underlying causes, hemodynamic support, and blood component replacement.
  • Limited research exists on specific pediatric DIC diagnostic tools and treatments, unlike in adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review diagnostic scoring systems for pediatric DIC.
  • To discuss pharmacological treatment options for acute DIC in children.
  • To identify gaps in research and emphasize the need for pediatric-specific studies.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar.
  • Over 100 articles published between 1990 and 2021 were analyzed.
  • Focus was on human studies concerning pediatric DIC diagnosis and treatment.

Main Results:

  • Diagnostic scoring systems for pediatric DIC require further validation.
  • Limited evidence supports specific adjunctive therapies like antithrombin (AT), recombinant thrombomodulin (rTM), and protein C concentrates (PrCC) in children.
  • Pediatric and neonatal hemostatic systems differ significantly from adults, necessitating distinct management strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric DIC management necessitates specialized approaches distinct from adult protocols.
  • There is a critical need for high-quality research to establish evidence-based guidelines for pediatric DIC.
  • Further investigation into diagnostic criteria and therapeutic interventions is crucial for improving outcomes in children with DIC.

Keywords:
childrendiagnosisdicdisseminated intravascular coagulationpediatricscoring systemtreatment

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Deciphering Coagulation Disorders in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients04:56

Author Spotlight: Deciphering Coagulation Disorders in Traumatic Brain Injury Patients

Published on: August 4, 2023

927
Assessment of Plasma Coagulation on Liver Tissue in a Large Animal Model In Vivo06:23

Assessment of Plasma Coagulation on Liver Tissue in a Large Animal Model In Vivo

Published on: August 4, 2018

9.0K

Related Concept Videos

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care01:29

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care

Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...
60
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
75
Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:20

Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...
69
Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants01:18

Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants

Oral anticoagulants are vital tools in preventing and treating blood clotting disorders. This diverse class of medications can be categorized as vitamin K antagonists, exemplified by warfarin, and direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), such as dabigatran, as well as factor Xa inhibitors, including rivaroxaban.
Warfarin, a prominent vitamin K antagonist family member, exerts its effect by inhibiting the enzyme VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1). By hindering this enzyme, warfarin...
1.5K
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
92
Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins01:30

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
1.1K