Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Channel Rhodopsins01:11

Channel Rhodopsins

2.8K
Most organisms use photoreceptors to sense and respond to light. Examples of photoreceptors include bacteriorhodopsins and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria, phytochromes in plants, and rhodopsins in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebral retina. The light-sensitive property of these receptors is because of the bound chromophores, such as bilin in the phytochromes and retinal in the rhodopsins.
Rhodopsins belong to the family of cell surface proteins called G-protein coupled receptors,...
2.8K
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

6.8K
At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
6.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Anterior Cingulate Cortex Mediates State-Dependent Prioritization of Distressed Conspecifics.

Brain sciences·2026
Same author

Experience-dependent plasticity of periglomerular cells in the olfactory bulb.

eNeuro·2026
Same author

Isotonic and minimally invasive optical clearing media for live cell imaging ex vivo and in vivo.

Nature methods·2026
Same author

Single-molecule characterization of opioid receptor heterodimers reveals soluble µ-δ dimer blocker peptide alleviates morphine tolerance.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Single-molecule methods for characterizing receptor dimers reveal metastable opioid receptor homodimers that induce functional modulation.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

The astrocytic ensemble acts as a multiday trace to stabilize memory.

Nature·2025
Same journal

Editorial: Epigenetic and genetic mechanisms underlying cardiovascular diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders, volume II.

Frontiers in molecular biosciences·2026
Same journal

Integrated transcriptomic profiling reveals oncogenic pathways and chimeric transcripts in equine sarcoid lesions with predominant BPV1 detection.

Frontiers in molecular biosciences·2026
Same journal

Mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles as a novel drug delivery carrier: engineering strategies and clinical safety estimation.

Frontiers in molecular biosciences·2026
Same journal

Preparation and analysis of tobacco glycosides, and the relationship between glycoside aglycones and pyrolysis products: a review.

Frontiers in molecular biosciences·2026
Same journal

Peritoneal metastasis in pancreatic cancer: molecular mechanisms, microenvironmental remodeling, and emerging intraperitoneal interventions.

Frontiers in molecular biosciences·2026
Same journal

Insights from LC-MS-based cerebrospinal fluid metabolomics in tuberculous meningitis.

Frontiers in molecular biosciences·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Imaging Membrane Potential with Two Types of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Voltage Sensors
09:57

Imaging Membrane Potential with Two Types of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Voltage Sensors

Published on: February 4, 2016

10.9K

Imaging Voltage with Microbial Rhodopsins.

Xiao Min Zhang1, Tatsushi Yokoyama2, Masayuki Sakamoto2,3

  • 1Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
|September 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) offer a non-invasive way to measure neuronal electrical activity. Rhodopsin-based GEVIs provide high spatiotemporal resolution for studying neural circuits.

Keywords:
FRET (förster resonance energy transfer)in vivo imagingmicrobial rhodopsinsoptogeneticsphotocyclevoltage imaging

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Advancing Mitochondrial Research - mtHyper7 Biosensor for Subcellular Analysis
09:47

Author Spotlight: Advancing Mitochondrial Research - mtHyper7 Biosensor for Subcellular Analysis

Published on: June 2, 2023

2.6K
Preparation of Living Isolated Vertebrate Photoreceptor Cells for Fluorescence Imaging
11:24

Preparation of Living Isolated Vertebrate Photoreceptor Cells for Fluorescence Imaging

Published on: June 22, 2011

12.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Imaging Membrane Potential with Two Types of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Voltage Sensors
09:57

Imaging Membrane Potential with Two Types of Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Voltage Sensors

Published on: February 4, 2016

10.9K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Mitochondrial Research - mtHyper7 Biosensor for Subcellular Analysis
09:47

Author Spotlight: Advancing Mitochondrial Research - mtHyper7 Biosensor for Subcellular Analysis

Published on: June 2, 2023

2.6K
Preparation of Living Isolated Vertebrate Photoreceptor Cells for Fluorescence Imaging
11:24

Preparation of Living Isolated Vertebrate Photoreceptor Cells for Fluorescence Imaging

Published on: June 22, 2011

12.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biophysics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Membrane potential indicates neuronal excitability but is invasively measured by electrodes, limiting spatial resolution and genetic specificity.
  • Fluorescent probes enable non-invasive measurement of cellular activity with high spatiotemporal resolution.
  • Imaging electrical activity in neurons is a key method for studying neural circuits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in the design and application of rhodopsin-based genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs).
  • To highlight the advantages of GEVIs over traditional electrophysiological recordings.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on rhodopsin-based GEVIs.
  • Discussion of the principles and performance of microbial rhodopsins as voltage indicators.

Main Results:

  • Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) offer superior performance for targeting specific neuronal populations.
  • GEVIs enable visualization of neuronal dynamics at millisecond scales.
  • Microbial rhodopsins, known for optogenetics, also function effectively as fluorescent voltage indicators.

Conclusions:

  • Rhodopsin-based GEVIs represent a significant advancement in non-invasive monitoring of neuronal electrical activity.
  • These indicators are valuable tools for exploring neural circuit mechanisms with high precision.
  • Future research will likely focus on further refining GEVIs for diverse neuroscience applications.