Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Coronavirus

Coronavirus

Coronaviruses, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), are enveloped viruses characterized by their single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome and helical nucleocapsid structure. The hallmark of these viruses is their club-shaped spike (S) glycoproteins that protrude from the viral envelope, facilitating attachment to host cells. Typically, coronaviruses infect the upper respiratory tract, often causing mild or asymptomatic disease. However, certain strains like...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

CD98hc-targeted antibody shuttles for central nervous system delivery with broad cross-species reactivity.

Nature biomedical engineering·2026

Same author

Metabolomic Signatures of Brain Atrophy and Ibudilast Response in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026

Same author

TNFRSF13B Common Variants Enhance Antibody-Dependent Complement Activation and Susceptibility to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Following Respiratory Viral Infection.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026

Same author

Blood Flow Restriction Therapy for the Upper Extremity: An Emerging Adjunct for Patient Recovery and Rehabilitation.

The Orthopedic clinics of North America·2026

Same author

MOCVD Growth of κ‑Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> on Al-Rich Al <sub><i>x</i></sub> Ga<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub> N Templates: Phase Diagram and Microstructural Evolution.

Crystal growth & design·2026

Same author

Machine learning predictions of IgG1 and IgG4 self-association and high-concentration solution properties.

mAbs·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection

Published on: June 5, 2021

Engineered Multivalent Nanobodies Potently and Broadly Neutralize SARS-CoV-2 Variants.

Jennifer M Zupancic^1,2, John S Schardt^1,2,3, Alec A Desai^1,2

¹Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA.

Advanced Therapeutics

|September 13, 2021

Summary

Multivalent nanobodies targeting conserved SARS-CoV-2 spike protein regions show enhanced neutralization against variants. This engineering approach improves antibody efficacy for potential COVID-19 therapies.

Keywords:

COVID‐19 antibody antibody fragment camelid polyvalency polyvalent protein engineering

More Related Videos

Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance

Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance

Published on: June 14, 2022

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research

Published on: September 8, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection

Published on: June 5, 2021

Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance

Engineering Antiviral Agents via Surface Plasmon Resonance

Published on: June 14, 2022

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research

Published on: September 8, 2023

Area of Science:

Immunology
Virology
Biotechnology

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic persists, driven by SARS-CoV-2 variants that can evade existing immunity.
Broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting conserved epitopes are crucial for effective COVID-19 therapeutics and prophylaxis.
Nanobodies offer a potential platform for developing novel antiviral agents.

Purpose of the Study:

To enhance the neutralizing activity of a SARS-CoV nanobody (VHH-72) against SARS-CoV-2 variants using multivalent engineering.
To investigate the epitope specificity of synergistic neutralization improvements.
To assess the therapeutic potential of multivalent VHH-72 nanobodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Main Methods:

A multivalent engineering strategy was applied to a SARS-CoV cross-reactive nanobody (VHH-72).
The neutralizing activity of engineered nanobodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants (B.1.1.7, B.1.351) was evaluated.
Biophysical properties including stability, solubility, and non-specific binding were assessed.

Main Results:

Multivalent engineering of VHH-72 resulted in synergistic improvements in neutralizing activity.
Hexavalent VHH-72 nanobodies effectively bound and neutralized SARS-CoV-2 variants (B.1.1.7, B.1.351).
Engineered nanobodies exhibited favorable drug-like biophysical properties (high stability, solubility, low non-specific binding).

Conclusions:

Multivalent VHH-72 nanobodies demonstrate potent neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants.
The engineering approach yields nanobodies with improved therapeutic potential against current and emerging variants.
These multivalent nanobodies represent promising candidates for COVID-19 therapy and prophylaxis.