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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

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Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy01:29

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

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Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which...
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview01:27

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Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a technique used to analyze elements by measuring electromagnetic radiation (EMR) absorbed by atoms, which causes them to transition to a higher-energy orbit. The most crucial step in AAS is atomization, where the analyte is converted into gas-phase atoms, typically through a flame or furnace. Some of these atoms become thermally excited in the flame, while most remain in the ground state.
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Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence01:23

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Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources01:13

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Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) relies on the Beer-Lambert law, which requires that the radiation source emits a narrow range of wavelengths to match the absorption characteristics of the analyte atom. The primary criteria for choosing an appropriate radiation source in AAS is to provide a precise and intense emission at specific wavelengths that will allow accurate detection of the analyte.
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X-ray Fluorescence Techniques for Element Abundance Analysis in Wine.

Jasmina Obhod Aš1, Vladivoj Valković1, Andrija Vinković1

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X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques accurately determine wine

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Food Science
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Elemental composition is key to understanding wine's origin and quality.
  • X-ray fluorescence (XRF) offers advantages for elemental analysis but is underutilized in wine science.
  • Accurate elemental profiling is crucial for wine authentication and understanding environmental impacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Compare total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) for wine elemental analysis.
  • Validate XRF results with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
  • Assess the utility of XRF for geographic authentication of wine using elemental data from wine, soil, and grape juice.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed elemental composition of 37 Austrian and Croatian wines, soils, and grape juices using TXRF and EDXRF.
  • Verified XRF data using ICP-MS.
  • Calculated concentration factors (wine/soil) to assess soil's influence on wine composition.

Main Results:

  • TXRF and EDXRF provided reliable elemental composition data for wines, including volatile elements like Bromine (Br).
  • Elemental abundances in soil significantly influenced grape juice and wine composition.
  • Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Bromine (Br), Rubidium (Rb), and Strontium (Sr) were identified as key discriminators for geographic authentication.

Conclusions:

  • XRF techniques are effective, cost-efficient tools for comprehensive wine elemental analysis.
  • Soil elemental composition is a critical factor in wine fingerprinting and geographic authentication.
  • XRF facilitates the creation of large databases for evaluating soil characteristics and environmental impacts on wine.