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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
34
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

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Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

40
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
40
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

44
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview01:21

Factors Affecting Drug Response: Overview

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When it comes to infants and young children, they are typically administered smaller doses of medication in comparison to adults. This is primarily because their organ functions still need to fully develop, meaning their bodies are not as efficient at metabolizing or eliminating drugs. Additionally, their blood-brain barrier is more permeable than in adults. As a result, high concentrations of drugs can easily penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), potentially leading to neurological...
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Author Spotlight: Development and Evaluation of a Compound Acne Rodent Model Using C. acnes and Oleic Acid
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Differences in acne therapy prescribing patterns between dermatologists and pediatricians: A population-based study.

Madison E Jones1, Sarah P Pourali2, Alison H Kohn3

  • 1University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

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|September 13, 2021
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Pediatricians prescribe fewer acne treatments like topical retinoids and antibiotics than dermatologists. Understanding these prescribing differences is key to addressing potential educational gaps in pediatric acne care.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pediatrics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Acne vulgaris is a prevalent skin condition affecting pediatric populations.
  • Treatment of acne vulgaris is managed by both dermatologists and pediatricians.
  • Variations in acne therapy prescribing patterns between these specialties are suspected.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate and compare acne treatment prescribing patterns between dermatologists and pediatricians for pediatric patients.
  • To identify specific medication classes with differential prescription rates.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based, cross-sectional analysis was conducted.
  • Data were sourced from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) spanning 2006 to 2016.
  • The study focused on outpatient visits for pediatric patients (age ≤ 18 years).

Main Results:

  • Dermatologists managed a higher proportion of acne visits (52%) compared to pediatricians (29%).
  • Pediatricians were significantly less likely to prescribe topical retinoids (68% less likely), topical antibiotics (38% less likely), and oral antibiotics (48% less likely) than dermatologists.
  • Dermatologists treated older, white, non-Hispanic patients with private insurance more frequently.

Conclusions:

  • Significant disparities exist in acne pharmacotherapy prescribing between pediatricians and dermatologists.
  • Pediatricians demonstrate lower utilization of key acne medications, including topical retinoids and antibiotics.
  • Further investigation into educational needs and practice patterns is warranted to optimize acne management in pediatric primary care.