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Related Concept Videos

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ01:09

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In situ

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In situ experiments, such as the Doluisio method and Single-Pass Perfusion technique, provide critical insights into drug uptake by simulating in vivo conditions for drug absorption.
The Doluisio method involves perfusing a prepared segment of a rat's small intestine with a solution of radiolabeled drug and a non-absorbable marker. This helps to differentiate between absorbed and non-absorbed drug concentrations. The intestinal segment is connected at both ends using tubing and syringes,...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro01:16

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro

394
In vitro experiments are crucial for understanding the transport and absorption of drugs through biological materials. These studies employ varied methods such as the diffusion cell method, the everted sac technique, and the everted ring technique.
The diffusion cell method uses a two-compartment cell, including a donor compartment with the drug solution, which simulates the environment where the drug is applied, and a receptor compartment with a buffer solution, which simulates the environment...
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Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

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Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

21
Body:After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Disease States and Pharmacology01:25

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Disease States and Pharmacology

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Multiple disease states can significantly influence the oral drug absorption process by affecting blood flow and the functionality of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Various GI diseases, including conditions that alter GI motility, such as diarrhea, decreased acid secretions (achlorhydria), and infections, have been associated with reduced drug absorption.
Substances such as alcohol and specific drugs, including antineoplastics, can also negatively impact drug absorption. For instance,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport
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Small Intestinal Phosphate Absorption: Novel Therapeutic Implications.

Jerry Yee1, David Rosenbaum2, Jeffrey W Jacobs2

  • 1Nephrology and Hypertension, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.

American Journal of Nephrology
|September 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary

In chronic kidney disease (CKD), hyperphosphatemia is common despite treatment. Targeting intestinal phosphate absorption via the dominant paracellular pathway offers a novel therapeutic strategy for better phosphate control.

Keywords:
Chronic kidney diseaseHyperphosphatemiaParacellular phosphate absorptionTenapanorTranscellular phosphate absorption

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 15% of US adults, leading to impaired urinary phosphate excretion and hyperphosphatemia.
  • Hyperphosphatemia is linked to adverse outcomes, including increased cardiovascular mortality.
  • Current phosphate management (diet, dialysis, binders) is often insufficient, with many patients exceeding 5.5 mg/dL phosphorus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding intestinal phosphate absorption.
  • To explore the therapeutic implications of targeting intestinal phosphate absorption pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on intestinal phosphate absorption mechanisms.
  • Analysis of Tenapanor's mechanism of action as a novel therapeutic agent.

Main Results:

  • Dietary phosphate absorption occurs via paracellular and transcellular pathways, with paracellular absorption being dominant (65-80%).
  • Tenapanor, a novel non-binder, inhibits sodium-hydrogen exchanger 3 (SLC9A3), blocking paracellular phosphate absorption.
  • Targeted inhibition of SLC9A3 reduces intestinal paracellular phosphate permeability.

Conclusions:

  • The paracellular pathway is the primary route for intestinal phosphate absorption.
  • Novel therapies targeting the paracellular pathway, like Tenapanor, show promise for improving phosphate control in CKD patients.
  • Targeting intestinal phosphate absorption represents a new approach to managing hyperphosphatemia in CKD.