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Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance

Influence of Hybrid Perovskite Fabrication Methods on Film Formation, Electronic Structure, and Solar Cell Performance

Published on: February 27, 2017

Stable Perovskite Solar Cells with Bulk-Mixed Electron Transport Layer by Multifunctional Defect Passivation.

Ningning Ma¹, Jizhong Jiang¹, Guoxin Wang¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|September 13, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new multifunctional electron transport layer (MBE) passivates defects in organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHP) devices, improving performance and stability. This approach enhances carrier lifetime and water resistance for high-performance OIHP optoelectronics.

Keywords:

bulk-mixed electron transport layer multifunctional defect passivation perovskite solar cells water repellence

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Optoelectronics
Renewable Energy

Background:

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHP) devices utilize electron transport layers (ETLs), like fullerene derivatives (PCBM), for optoelectronic properties.
PCBM passivates iodine-rich defects but fails to address uncoordinated Pb2+ and water/oxygen degradation.
OIHP device stability is limited by halide volatility and cation hydrophilicity.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a multifunctional electron transport layer (MBE) for enhanced OIHP device performance and stability.
To address limitations of traditional PCBM ETLs by incorporating Lewis base functionalities and hydrophobic chains.
To investigate the impact of defect passivation on carrier dynamics and device longevity.

Main Methods:

Formulation of a bulk-mixed electron transport layer (MBE) by combining PCBM with TBA-Azo, featuring an electron-donating Azo moiety and hydrophobic alkyl chains.
Passivation of perovskite surface and grain boundary defects using PCBM's Lewis acidity and TBA-Azo's Lewis basicity.
Incorporation of hydrophobic alkyl chains to create a barrier against water and oxygen ingress.

Main Results:

MBE passivates both iodine-rich defects and uncoordinated Pb2+, reducing trap densities by an order of magnitude.
Inhibition of bimolecular and trap-induced recombination leads to an elongated carrier lifetime.
Open-circuit voltage improved from 1.05 V to 1.10 V.
Enhanced water resistance maintained 90% of initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) after 500 hours at 50 ± 10% humidity.

Conclusions:

The multifunctional MBE provides a novel strategy for simultaneous defect passivation in OIHP devices.
This approach significantly enhances both the performance and long-term stability of OIHP optoelectronic devices.
MBE offers a promising pathway for developing robust and efficient perovskite-based technologies.