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A Computer-Based Interactive Narrative and a Serious Game for Children With Asthma: Development and Content Validity

Made Ary Sarasmita1,2, Luh Putu Febryana Larasanty2, Li-Na Kuo1,3

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Digital learning offers a new strategy for improving pediatric asthma control. This study developed the MIRACLE program, an interactive game designed to enhance asthma self-management and promote a growth mindset in children.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Digital Health Interventions
  • Health Education

Background:

  • Poor asthma control in children is linked to medication nonadherence, trigger exposure, and limited knowledge.
  • Fixed mindsets can hinder effective asthma self-management strategies.
  • Digital learning presents a novel approach to improve health outcomes for pediatric asthma patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and design a digital educational program, the Module of Inhaler and Asthma Triggers for Children (MIRACLE), for Indonesian children with asthma.
  • To enhance understanding of asthma self-management and proper inhaler techniques.
  • To improve asthma control and foster a growth mindset in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • A two-phase research approach was employed, beginning with a literature search and Delphi technique with expert panels.
  • Content validity index (CVI) was used to evaluate expert panel statements on asthma self-management and digital program design.
  • The SERES framework, Norma Engaging Multimedia Design, and Psychological Theory of Growth Mindset guided the creation of the interactive narrative and serious game in the second phase.

Main Results:

  • The Delphi technique involved 40 experts, resulting in 38 item statements, with 24 related to self-management and 13 to digital program design.
  • Expert consensus achieved an average CVI of 0.9, indicating high agreement on program elements.
  • The second phase resulted in the development of four narrative plots and five game sessions, incorporating challenges designed to promote a growth mindset.

Conclusions:

  • A culture-specific, computer-based asthma program, MIRACLE, was successfully developed for Indonesian children.
  • The program integrates an interactive narrative and a serious game to deliver asthma self-management education.
  • The MIRACLE program aims to improve asthma control and cultivate a growth mindset in pediatric patients.