Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ordinal Level of Measurement00:55

Ordinal Level of Measurement

27.6K
The way a set of data is measured is called its level of measurement. Correct statistical procedures depend on a researcher being familiar with levels of measurement. For analysis, data are classified into four levels of measurement—nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.
Data measured using an ordinal scale are similar to nominal scale data, but there is one major difference. The ordinal scale data can be ordered. An example of ordinal scale data is a list of the top five national parks...
27.6K
Friedman Two-way Analysis of Variance by Ranks01:21

Friedman Two-way Analysis of Variance by Ranks

334
Friedman's Two-Way Analysis of Variance by Ranks is a nonparametric test designed to identify differences across multiple test attempts when traditional assumptions of normality and equal variances do not apply. Unlike conventional ANOVA, which requires normally distributed data with equal variances, Friedman's test is ideal for ordinal or non-normally distributed data, making it particularly useful for analyzing dependent samples, such as matched subjects over time or repeated measures...
334
Classification of Illness01:17

Classification of Illness

8.1K
The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe...
8.1K
Nominal Level of Measurement00:56

Nominal Level of Measurement

32.7K
The way a set of data is measured is called its level of measurement. Correct statistical procedures depend on a researcher being familiar with levels of measurement. Not every statistical operation can be used with every set of data. For analysis, data are classified into four levels of measurement—nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.
The data that cannot be measured but can be grouped into categories fall under the nominal level of measurement. Data that is measured using a nominal...
32.7K
Ranks01:02

Ranks

309
Unlike parametric methods, nonparametric statistics are ideal for nominal and ordinal data, requiring fewer assumptions about the population's nature or distribution. This makes nonparametric methods easier to apply and interpret, as they do not depend on parameters like mean or standard deviation. One common approach in nonparametric analysis is to sort data according to a specific criterion. For instance, we might arrange weather data from hottest to coldest days in a month or rank cities...
309
Response Surface Methodology01:16

Response Surface Methodology

326
Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is a collection of statistical and mathematical techniques used to develop, improve, and optimize processes. It is particularly valuable when many input variables or factors potentially influence a response variable.
The process of RSM involves several key steps:
326

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The interplay between job demands & resources and mental health: a novel approach using hidden Markov models.

Journal of behavioral medicine·2026
Same author

Bayesian multivariate longitudinal piecewise regression: detecting early onset of cognitive decline.

Journal of behavioral medicine·2025
Same author

Comparing Frequentist and Bayesian Methods for Factorial Invariance with Latent Distribution Heterogeneity.

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Item Response Modeling of Clinical Instruments With Filter Questions: Disentangling Symptom Presence and Severity.

Applied psychological measurement·2024
Same author

Does Response Format Matter? The Psychometric Effects of Filter Questions on Self-Reported Symptom Frequencies.

Assessment·2022
Same author

Symptom Presence and Symptom Severity as Unique Indicators of Psychopathology: An Application of Multidimensional Zero-Inflated and Hurdle Graded Response Models.

Educational and psychological measurement·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
06:48

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

9.4K

A multidimensional zero-inflated graded response model for ordinal symptom data.

Brooke E Magnus1, Mauricio Garnier-Villarreal2

  • 1Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College.

Psychological Methods
|September 13, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Measurement researchers often encounter zero inflation in psychopathology surveys. A new multidimensional zero-inflated graded response model (MZI-GRM) offers a flexible approach to better capture this variability across symptoms.

More Related Videos

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
08:12

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

2.7K
Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects
08:13

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects

Published on: May 10, 2019

6.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
06:48

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

9.4K
A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
08:12

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

2.7K
Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects
08:13

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects

Published on: May 10, 2019

6.5K

Area of Science:

  • Psychometrics
  • Quantitative Psychology
  • Statistical Modeling

Background:

  • Zero responses are common in psychopathology measures, especially in community samples.
  • Current models for zero inflation, like latent class approaches, may be too restrictive for questionnaires with varying item severity.
  • Existing models do not adequately account for differential zero inflation across items of differing symptom severity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a more flexible statistical model for handling zero inflation in psychometric questionnaires.
  • To introduce the multidimensional zero-inflated graded response model (MZI-GRM).
  • To demonstrate the application and advantages of the MZI-GRM using depression screening data.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the multidimensional zero-inflated graded response model (MZI-GRM).
  • The MZI-GRM posits two correlated latent variables: susceptibility and severity.
  • Application of the MZI-GRM to data from the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).

Main Results:

  • The MZI-GRM demonstrated superior performance in capturing item-level zero inflation compared to existing models.
  • Evidence supports a multidimensional structure where latent variables capture both symptom presence and severity.
  • Specific items were found to be better indicators of depression susceptibility versus severity.

Conclusions:

  • The MZI-GRM provides a more nuanced and flexible approach to modeling zero inflation in psychopathology measures.
  • Findings suggest distinct latent variables influence symptom presence and severity.
  • Implications for the development and scoring of psychological scales are discussed.