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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Fusion02:45

Nuclear Fusion

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The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
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Nuclear Transmutation03:20

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Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
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Atomic Nuclei: Larmor Precession Frequency01:11

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The earth's gravitational field produces a 'twisting force' perpendicular to the angular momentum of a spinning mass (such as a spinning top) that causes the mass to 'wobble' around the gravitational field axis in a phenomenon called precession. Similarly, the magnetic moment (μ) of a spinning nucleus precesses due to an external magnetic field directed along the z-axis. The precession of the magnetic moment vector about the magnetic field is called Larmor precession,...
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Nuclear Fission02:50

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Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

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Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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A transient radio source consistent with a merger-triggered core collapse supernova.

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We discovered a luminous radio transient from a potential merger-driven supernova. This event shows early relativistic jets and late-time interaction, supporting theories of binary-induced stellar explosions.

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Area of Science:

  • Astrophysics
  • Stellar Evolution
  • Explosive Transients

Background:

  • Core collapse supernovae result from the cessation of nuclear fusion in massive stars.
  • Binary companion mergers are theorized to interrupt fusion earlier, triggering supernovae.
  • Radio transients offer insights into supernova ejecta and interaction environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the discovery and analysis of a luminous radio transient, VT J121001+495647.
  • To investigate the potential link between binary interactions and supernova characteristics.
  • To test theoretical predictions of merger-driven supernova explosions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Very Large Array Sky Survey to detect the radio transient.
  • Analyzed radio emission to infer supernova ejecta properties and interaction with surrounding material.
  • Associated the radio transient with an archival X-ray transient to identify relativistic jet activity.

Main Results:

  • Detected a luminous radio transient, VT J121001+495647, exhibiting emission consistent with ejecta-shell collision.
  • Evidence suggests the presence of a dense shell of material ejected by binary interaction prior to the supernova.
  • Association with an X-ray transient indicates the launch of a relativistic jet during the explosion.

Conclusions:

  • The observed radio transient and associated X-ray event support the hypothesis of a merger-driven supernova.
  • The combination of early relativistic jet and late-time dense interaction aligns with theoretical models of binary-induced explosions.
  • This discovery provides observational evidence for an alternative pathway to core collapse supernovae.