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The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors

Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors

Published on: June 7, 2018

The intratumoral microbiome: Characterization methods and functional impact.

Clément J F Heymann¹, Jean-Marie Bard², Marie-Françoise Heymann³

¹University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, France.

|September 13, 2021

Summary

Live pathogenic bacteria are crucial in cancer research, offering metabolic engineering potential. Understanding tumor microbiomes aids in developing novel cancer therapies by identifying unique bacterial functions within specific cancer subtypes.

Keywords:

Microbiome Therapeutic targets Tumor microenvironment

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Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors

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Characterization and Functional Prediction of Bacteria in Ovarian Tissues

Characterization and Functional Prediction of Bacteria in Ovarian Tissues

Published on: October 23, 2021

Area of Science:

Oncology
Microbiology
Genomics

Background:

Live pathogenic bacteria, known for centuries, are now central to modern cancer research.
Their accessible genomes allow for metabolic engineering, with potential clinical applications.
Understanding the tumor microenvironment and its microbiome is key for developing effective cancer therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review methods for characterizing the tumor microbiome.
To discuss the functions of intracellular bacteria in oncological entities.
To explore the therapeutic potential of live pathogenic microbes in various cancer types.

Main Methods:

Review of current approaches for tumor microbiome characterization.
Analysis of next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics tools.
Examination of studies identifying intratumor bacteria in specific cancer subtypes.

Main Results:

Characterizing tumor microbiomes is challenging due to low bacterial biomass and high host DNA.
Recent advancements have confirmed the presence of intratumor bacteria in defined tumors.
Each cancer subtype exhibits a unique microbiome with distinct bacterial metabolic functions.

Conclusions:

Intratumor bacteria play significant roles in cancer development and progression.
Metabolically engineered bacteria show promise as targeted cancer therapeutics.
Further research into tumor-associated bacteria can lead to novel treatment strategies.