Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

60.2K
In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
60.2K
Genetic Drift03:33

Genetic Drift

41.5K
Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.
41.5K
Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

882
Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles,...
882
Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

6.7K
In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
6.7K
Genetic Lingo01:11

Genetic Lingo

107.2K
Overview
107.2K
Gene Flow02:39

Gene Flow

36.2K
Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
36.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cohort profile: Swiss personalized health network cohort consortium.

European journal of epidemiology·2026
Same author

Modelling the role of the microbiome in antimicrobial resistance across scales.

Nature microbiology·2026
Same author

Viral Simulation Reveals Overestimation Bias in Within-Host Phylodynamic Migration Rate Estimates Under Selection.

Molecular biology and evolution·2026
Same author

Temporal nutrition analysis associates dietary regularity and quality with gut microbiome diversity: insights from the Food & You digital cohort.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Minimum days estimation for reliable dietary intake information: findings from a digital cohort.

European journal of clinical nutrition·2025
Same author

Interchangeability of patient pain, fatigue and global scores in patients with spondyloarthritis - a registry-based simulation study.

BMC rheumatology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information
09:37

Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information

Published on: August 15, 2019

10.0K

Neutral drift and polymorphism in gene-for-gene systems.

Marcel Salathé, Almut Scherer1, Sebastian Bonhoeffer1

  • 1Ecology and Evolution, ETH Zürich, ETH-Zentrum NW, CH 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.

Ecology Letters
|September 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Genetic polymorphism in plant-pathogen systems can arise without costly resistance genes. Simulations show neutral drift and pathogen diversity can maintain host resistance evolution.

Keywords:
Co-evolutiongene-for-genehost pathogen interactionsneutral driftpathogen evolutionpolymorphism

More Related Videos

In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio
12:31

In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio

Published on: August 24, 2013

20.9K
A Reverse Genetic Approach to Test Functional Redundancy During Embryogenesis
06:59

A Reverse Genetic Approach to Test Functional Redundancy During Embryogenesis

Published on: August 11, 2010

12.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information
09:37

Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information

Published on: August 15, 2019

10.0K
In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio
12:31

In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio

Published on: August 24, 2013

20.9K
A Reverse Genetic Approach to Test Functional Redundancy During Embryogenesis
06:59

A Reverse Genetic Approach to Test Functional Redundancy During Embryogenesis

Published on: August 11, 2010

12.2K

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Population genetics
  • Plant pathology

Background:

  • Pathogens drive host evolution, with resistance conferring a selective advantage.
  • Many host-pathogen systems exhibit polymorphism in host resistance and pathogen virulence.
  • The prevailing hypothesis suggests gene costs explain this polymorphism.

Discussion:

  • This study challenges the necessity of gene costs in maintaining polymorphism.
  • Stochastic multi-locus simulations explore alternative mechanisms.
  • Focuses on gene-for-gene systems and the impact of 'super pathogens'.

Key Insights:

  • Genetic polymorphism in host resistance can emerge and persist without inherent gene costs.
  • Neutral drift, driven by the temporal dominance of a super pathogen, can maintain resistance diversity.
  • Increasing host susceptibility allows non-super pathogen strains to emerge, increasing pathogen diversity.

Outlook:

  • Further research into the role of neutral processes in coevolutionary systems.
  • Investigating the applicability of these findings to diverse host-pathogen interactions.
  • Exploring the ecological and evolutionary implications of non-costly resistance evolution.