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Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
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Updated: Oct 20, 2025

At-Risk Butterfly Captive Propagation Programs to Enhance Life History Knowledge and Effective Ex Situ Conservation Techniques
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Measuring progress in US endangered species conservation.

Timothy D Male, Michael J Bean1

  • 1Environmental Defense, 1875 Connecticut Avenue, Washington, DC 20009, USA.

Ecology Letters
|September 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Over half of protected species show improving or stable status, with most species status improving over time. Factors like taxonomy and funding influence recovery success.

Keywords:
BiodiversityEndangered Species Actconservationendangered speciesfundingrecovery

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Area of Science:

  • Conservation Biology
  • Wildlife Management
  • Environmental Policy

Background:

  • The Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 protects over 1300 species in the USA.
  • Despite ESA protections, many species remain at significant risk of extinction.
  • This study analyzes federal agency reports from 1988-2002 to assess species status trends.

Discussion:

  • 52% of analyzed species demonstrated consistent improvement or stabilization of their status.
  • Species status generally improves over time, with only 35% still declining after 13 years of protection.
  • Key variables correlated with species status include taxonomic group, funding from specific agencies, and agency assessments of extinction risk and recovery potential.

Key Insights:

  • Species protection under the ESA leads to observable status improvements for a majority of listed species.
  • Long-term protection (13+ years) significantly reduces the proportion of declining species.
  • Conservation funding and accurate risk/recovery assessments are critical for successful species recovery.

Outlook:

  • Continued monitoring and adaptive management strategies are essential for long-term species survival.
  • Understanding the factors influencing recovery can inform future conservation policy and resource allocation.
  • Further research into the efficacy of specific conservation interventions is warranted.