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Updated: Oct 20, 2025

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice
Published on: June 6, 2025
CXCL13/CXCR5 axis facilitates endothelial progenitor cell homing and angiogenesis during rheumatoid arthritis
Chun-Hao Tsai1,2, Chao-Ju Chen3, Chi-Li Gong3
1Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Abstract:
Angiogenesis is a critical process in the formation of new capillaries and a key participant in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. The chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 (CXCL13) plays important roles in several cellular functions such as infiltration, migration, and motility. We report significantly higher levels of CXCL13 expression in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice compared with controls and also in synovial fluid from RA patients compared with human osteoarthritis (OA) samples. RA synovial fluid increased endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) homing and angiogenesis, which was blocked by the CXCL13 antibody. By interacting with the CXCR5 receptor, CXCL13 facilitated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and angiogenesis in EPC through the PLC, MEK, and AP-1 signaling pathways. Importantly, infection with CXCL13 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) mitigated EPC homing and angiogenesis, articular swelling, and cartilage erosion in ankle joints of mice with CIA. CXCL13 is therefore a novel therapeutic target for RA.
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