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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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CRISPR01:59

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Precise plant genome editing using base editors and prime editors.

Kutubuddin A Molla1, Simon Sretenovic2, Kailash C Bansal3

  • 1Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India. kutubuddin.molla@icar.gov.in.

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Summary

CRISPR-Cas gene editing revolutionized plant genetics, but precise edits remain challenging. Base and prime editing technologies now enable highly accurate, single-base resolution genome modifications in plants.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics and breeding
  • Molecular biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • CRISPR-Cas systems enable genome editing by inducing targeted DNA breaks.
  • Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair is imprecise, while homology-directed repair (HDR) is inefficient in many plants.
  • Limited HDR efficiency hinders precise genome editing in plants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of base editing and prime editing technologies in plants.
  • To discuss the technological advancements and biological applications of these precise genome editing tools.
  • To highlight the potential of base and prime editing to overcome limitations in plant genome editing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on base editing and prime editing in plants.
  • Analysis of technological developments and their underlying mechanisms.
  • Compilation of reported biological applications and their outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Base editing and prime editing, primarily using Cas9 nickases, allow precise, single-base resolution genome modifications.
  • These technologies have been successfully demonstrated across numerous plant species.
  • They offer a significant improvement over traditional CRISPR-Cas methods for precise plant genome editing.

Conclusions:

  • Base and prime editing represent significant advancements for precise genome editing in plants.
  • These technologies address the limitations of HDR inefficiency, expanding possibilities in plant genetics and breeding.
  • Further development and application of base and prime editing will accelerate crop improvement and research.