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Updated: Oct 20, 2025

A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol
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Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation.

Jamie Hartmann-Boyce1, Hayden McRobbie2, Ailsa R Butler1

  • 1Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|September 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electronic cigarettes (ECs) with nicotine significantly increase smoking cessation rates compared to nicotine replacement therapy and non-nicotine ECs. While generally safe, more research is needed to confirm long-term effects and precise safety profiles.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Addiction Medicine
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Electronic cigarettes (ECs) are vaping devices that produce aerosol from e-liquid.
  • ECs are used by some smokers to quit or reduce smoking, but efficacy and safety are debated.
  • There is a need to determine if ECs aid smoking cessation and are safe for this purpose.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of ECs in achieving long-term smoking abstinence.
  • To assess the tolerability and safety of ECs for smoking cessation.
  • To update a living systematic review on ECs for smoking cessation.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and uncontrolled intervention studies.
  • Searched multiple databases up to May 2021 and included abstracts from SRNT 2021.
  • Primary outcomes: smoking abstinence (≥6 months), adverse events (AEs), serious adverse events (SAEs).

Main Results:

  • Moderate-certainty evidence shows nicotine ECs increase quit rates compared to NRT (RR 1.53) and non-nicotine ECs (RR 1.94).
  • Nicotine ECs also increased quit rates compared to behavioral support/no support (RR 2.61), but with very low certainty.
  • AEs and SAEs were generally similar between groups, though non-serious AEs were slightly more common with nicotine ECs; evidence for SAEs was often imprecise.

Conclusions:

  • Nicotine ECs demonstrate moderate-certainty effectiveness in increasing smoking cessation rates compared to NRT and non-nicotine ECs.
  • Evidence suggests ECs may aid cessation compared to no support, though certainty is low.
  • No clear evidence of harm was detected, but limitations include wide confidence intervals and small study numbers; ongoing updates are planned.