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Chrysophanol Induced Glioma Cells Apoptosis via Activation of Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway

Jia Gu1,2, Sunil Rauniyar3, Yan Wang1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, China.

Bioengineered
|September 14, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Chrysophanol, a natural compound, effectively induces apoptosis in glioma cells by activating the mitochondrial pathway and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS). This natural anticancer agent shows promise for treating brain tumors.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Glioma is a prevalent and aggressive primary brain tumor originating from neuroglia cells.
  • Chrysophanol, an anthraquinone derivative, exhibits demonstrated anticancer properties across various cancer types.
  • Understanding novel therapeutic strategies for glioma remains a critical area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the anti-glioma effects of chrysophanol.
  • To elucidate the underlying mechanism of chrysophanol's action in glioma cells, focusing on mitochondrial pathways.
  • To evaluate chrysophanol's impact on cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.

Main Methods:

  • Glioma cell lines (U251 and SHG-44) were treated with varying concentrations of chrysophanol.
  • Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay.
  • Apoptosis, cell cycle, ROS levels, and protein expression (Cytosol Cyt C, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, Cyclin D1, Cyclin E) were analyzed via flow cytometry and western blot.

Main Results:

  • Chrysophanol treatment dose-dependently decreased glioma cell viability and inhibited Cyclin D1 and Cyclin E expression.
  • Increased apoptosis, elevated levels of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, Cytosol Cyt C, and ROS accumulation were observed.
  • The cell cycle was arrested in the G1 phase, and chrysophanol promoted the transfer of Cyt C from mitochondria to cytosol.

Conclusions:

  • Chrysophanol effectively induces apoptosis in human glioma cells.
  • The mechanism involves the activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, evidenced by ROS generation and cytochrome c release.
  • Chrysophanol represents a potential therapeutic agent for glioma treatment.
Keywords:
ApoptosisCell cycleChrysophanolGliomaMitochondrial Apoptosis Pathway

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