Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 20, 2025
05:31
Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task
Published on: February 26, 2020
15.0K
Expertise, ecosystem, and emergentism: Dynamic developmental bilingualism.
Hannah Claussenius-Kalman1, Arturo E Hernandez1, Ping Li2
1Department of Psychology, The University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX 77004, United States.
Brain and Language
|September 14, 2021
Summary
Bilingual language representation and cognitive control emerge from dynamic interactions between learning environments, genetics, and cognitive development. This study proposes a nonlinear framework viewing individuals on developmental trajectories shaped by their cognitive ecosystem and expertise.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Science
- Developmental Psychology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Bilingualism influences cognitive processes, including executive functions.
- Cognitive control is modulated by factors like environment and genetics.
- Understanding these interactions is crucial for developmental models.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose a novel framework for understanding bilingual language representation and cognitive control.
- To integrate the influences of the learning environment, individual genotype, and cognitive abilities.
- To adopt a nonlinear, developmentally-oriented perspective.
Main Methods:
- Development of a theoretical framework.
- Conceptualization of individual developmental trajectories in multidimensional space.
- Focus on the interplay between the cognitive ecosystem and individual expertise.
Main Results:
- The proposed framework highlights dynamic interactions over time.
- Individual expertise is shown to influence and be influenced by the cognitive ecosystem.
- Emergent systems are adapted to individual communicative needs.
Conclusions:
- Bilingualism and cognitive control are products of complex, dynamic interactions.
- A developmental trajectory perspective offers a nonlinear view of cognitive system development.
- This framework integrates environmental, genetic, and cognitive factors in understanding bilingualism.
Related Concept Videos
01:27Language and Cognition
509
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
509
01:22Language Development
562
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
562
01:21The Nativist Approach
196
The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
196
01:22Vygotsky's Cognitive Development in Cultural Context
360
Lev Vygotsky, a pioneering Russian psychologist, developed a theory of cognitive development that centers on the influence of social and cultural factors. Unlike Jean Piaget, who emphasized the child's direct interaction with the physical world as key to development, Vygotsky argued that cognitive growth is an interpersonal process that unfolds within a cultural context. For Vygotsky, a child's learning cannot be separated from their social environment, which includes the values,...
360
01:29Three Developmental Domains
563
Human development is typically examined across three main domains: physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional. These domains represent the significant areas of change and continuity throughout the lifespan, from infancy to late adulthood.
Physical Development
Physical processes, also known as maturation, encompass the biological changes that occur across an individual's life. These changes begin with genetic inheritance and continue through various stages, including growth in height and weight,...
Physical Development
Physical processes, also known as maturation, encompass the biological changes that occur across an individual's life. These changes begin with genetic inheritance and continue through various stages, including growth in height and weight,...
563
01:24Components of Language
523
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
523