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Energy optimization during walking involves implicit processing.

Megan J McAllister1, Rachel L Blair2,3, J Maxwell Donelan2

  • 1Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada, K7L 3N6.

The Journal of Experimental Biology
|September 14, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Energy optimization during walking primarily relies on implicit processing, not conscious effort. This automatic gait adaptation allows for attention to be directed elsewhere, even when using assistive devices like exoskeletons.

Keywords:
Dual-task paradigmEnergy optimizationExoskeletonsGait adaptationImplicit and explicit cognitionMotor learning

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Neuroscience
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Gait adaptations are crucial for navigating new environments or using assistive devices.
  • Energy expenditure is a key driver of these adaptations.
  • The cognitive processes (implicit vs. explicit) underlying gait energy optimization remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether energy optimization during walking is driven by implicit or explicit cognitive processes.
  • To determine if cognitive load affects the ability to optimize gait for energy efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • A dual-task paradigm was employed, combining a primary gait optimization task with a secondary auditory tone discrimination task.
  • Lower-limb exoskeletons were used to alter the energetically optimal step frequency.
  • Performance on both tasks was measured to assess cognitive load and adaptation.

Main Results:

  • Participants successfully optimized their gait for energy expenditure even under dual-task conditions.
  • Performance on the secondary auditory task was unaffected by the gait adaptation task.
  • Survey data indicated participants were largely unaware of their gait changes during adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • Gait energy optimization during walking is predominantly driven by implicit cognitive processes.
  • These implicit processes allow for concurrent engagement in other cognitive tasks without compromising efficiency.
  • Findings suggest that automatic mechanisms underlie gait adaptation, freeing up cognitive resources for other demands.