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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
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Has stroke mortality stopped declining in Spain?

A Cayuela1, L Cayuela2, M J Ortega Belmonte1

  • 1Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Pública, Prevención y Promoción de la Salud, Hospital de Valme, Área de Gestión Sanitaria Sur de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.

Neurologia
|September 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stroke mortality trends in Spain varied significantly by region and sex between 1980 and 2016. While many areas saw declines, some regions experienced stable or increasing stroke death rates, particularly in women.

Keywords:
Cerebrovascular diseasesEnfermedades cerebrovascularesEpidemiologyEpidemiologíaMortalidadMortalityTendenciasTrends

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Biostatistics

Background:

  • Stroke remains a leading cause of mortality globally and nationally.
  • Understanding regional and sex-specific mortality trends is crucial for targeted public health interventions.
  • Joinpoint regression is a valuable statistical tool for analyzing changes in mortality trends over time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze changes in stroke mortality trends in Spain from 1980 to 2016.
  • To examine these trends by autonomous community and by sex.
  • To identify significant shifts in mortality patterns using joinpoint regression models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mortality data from the Spanish National Statistics Institute.
  • Calculated crude and standardized stroke mortality rates for each autonomous community and sex.
  • Applied joinpoint regression analysis to detect statistically significant trend changes.

Main Results:

  • Continuous declines in stroke mortality were observed in both sexes in specific communities (e.g., Asturias, Cantabria).
  • Trends diverged in the later period: some communities saw continued declines, while others experienced stabilization or increases (notably the Canary Islands).
  • Sex-specific differences in trends were evident, with varying patterns of decline, stabilization, and increase across regions.

Conclusions:

  • Stroke mortality trends in Spain exhibit significant heterogeneity across autonomous communities and sexes.
  • While overall declines are noted, specific regions show concerning stabilization or increases, necessitating further investigation.
  • Identifying the drivers behind these divergent trends is essential for future stroke prevention and management strategies.