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Pharmacogenetics of Phase I Enzymes: Cytochrome P450 Isozymes01:28

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Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes are a superfamily of heme-containing monooxygenases that play a pivotal role in Phase I drug metabolism by catalyzing oxidation and reduction reactions.These enzymes transform lipophilic xenobiotics into more hydrophilic metabolites, facilitating subsequent Phase II conjugation and eventual excretion. The CYP450 family is classified into families (e.g., CYP1–CYP3) and subfamilies (e.g., CYP2A, CYP2C), based on amino acid sequence homology.CYP450 isoenzymes,...

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Large scale enzyme based xenobiotic identification for exposomics.

Ken H Liu1, Choon M Lee2, Grant Singer2

  • 1Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

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|September 15, 2021
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Summary

This study introduces an enzyme-based identification method to accurately identify xenobiotic metabolites using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). This advance improves our understanding of environmental factors in human disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental health
  • Metabolomics
  • Analytical chemistry

Background:

  • Genomics has advanced disease understanding, but environmental factors (exposomics) remain poorly understood.
  • Current exposomics methods struggle with low-abundance xenobiotic metabolites and lack of standards, hindering identification via mass spectrometry.
  • Accurate identification of environmental exposures is crucial for understanding their contribution to human disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel method for enzymatic generation of xenobiotic metabolites.
  • To enable more accurate chemical identification of xenobiotic metabolites using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS).
  • To overcome limitations in current exposomics methods for environmental health research.

Main Methods:

  • Enzymatic generation of xenobiotic metabolites.
  • Utilizing high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for chemical identification.
  • Validation using accurate mass, retention time, and co-occurrence of related metabolites in mouse and human samples.

Main Results:

  • Successfully developed and validated an enzyme-based identification (EBI) method.
  • Generated xenobiotic metabolites confirmed metabolite identities in biological samples.
  • EBI method demonstrated utility with HRMS for accurate xenobiotic metabolite identification.

Conclusions:

  • The enzyme-based identification (EBI) method provides a generally applicable approach for mass spectrometry-based identification of xenobiotic metabolites.
  • This method can complement existing criteria, significantly advancing exposomics research.
  • Improved identification of environmental exposures will enhance understanding of their role in human disease.