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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT01:28

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT

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Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, to produce accurate cross-sectional virtual slices of specific areas of the heart, coronary circulation, and major blood vessels such as the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries. The computer processes these slices to generate three-dimensional images. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is a rapid form of CT scanning that captures multiple slices...
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Flail Chest-II01:26

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Managing flail chest, a condition characterized by a segment of the chest wall moving independently from the rest of the thoracic cage, requires a comprehensive approach. It includes a thorough assessment of the patient's condition, a diagnostic evaluation to determine the extent of the injury, and the implementation of appropriate medical interventions tailored to the individual's needs.
Assessment:
1. Clinical Evaluation:
History:
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Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion01:30

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Respiratory system abnormalities are a significant concern in healthcare due to their potential to indicate underlying severe conditions like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia. These abnormalities can often be detected through physical examination methods like inspection and percussion.
Inspection Findings
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Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

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Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
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Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Lung CT Segmentation to Identify Consolidations and Ground Glass Areas for Quantitative Assesment of SARS-CoV Pneumonia
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Chest CT abnormalities in COVID-19: a systematic review.

Ramy Abou Ghayda1,2, Keum Hwa Lee3, Jae Seok Kim4

  • 1Division of Urology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 02115, USA.

International Journal of Medical Sciences
|September 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Chest computed tomography (CT) is crucial for diagnosing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study details common CT findings like vascular enlargement and ground-glass opacity in 3768 patients, aiding in COVID-19 diagnosis.

Keywords:
Computed tomography (CT)Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)Systematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Computed tomography (CT) of the chest is a primary diagnostic tool for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
  • Understanding CT findings is vital for assessing disease severity and guiding patient management.
  • Previous reviews have not comprehensively compiled radiologic characteristics from extensive case series.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document chest CT findings in patients with confirmed COVID-19.
  • To analyze the association between CT findings and clinical severity.
  • To provide a comprehensive summary of radiologic characteristics in a large cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science (up to May 4, 2020).
  • Inclusion of 31 case reports comprising 3768 patients with confirmed COVID-19.
  • Review of reference lists from previous systematic reviews.

Main Results:

  • The most frequent CT findings included vascular enlargement (84.8%), ground-glass opacity (GGO) (60.1%), air-bronchogram (47.8%), and consolidation (41.4%).
  • Lung lesions were predominantly peripheral (72.2%) and bilateral (76%).
  • Common symptoms were fever (78.7%) and cough (60.2%), with normal white blood cell and lymphocyte counts in most patients.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first comprehensive summary of chest CT radiologic characteristics in 3768 COVID-19 patients from case series.
  • CT findings such as vascular enlargement and GGO are key indicators in COVID-19 diagnosis.
  • A comprehensive diagnostic approach incorporating CT is recommended for all suspected and exposed individuals.