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Characteristics associated with the discrepancy between subjective and objective executive functioning in depression.

Bjørn Ingulfsvann Hagen1,2, Nils Inge Landrø2, Kristof Hoorelbeke3

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Major depressive disorder (MDD) is linked to self-reported cognitive issues and objective neurocognitive deficits.
  • A significant gap often exists between how individuals with MDD perceive their cognitive abilities and their actual performance on cognitive tests.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between subjective and objective measures of executive functions (EFs) in individuals with MDD.
  • To identify factors contributing to the discrepancies between perceived and actual EF performance in MDD.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 62 participants with mild to moderate MDD and self-reported EF complaints.
  • Objective EFs were assessed using six neurocognitive measures, forming a composite score.
  • Subjective EFs were measured using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult version.

Main Results:

  • Participants reported significant EF difficulties, yet most performed within the normal range on objective EF assessments.
  • A weak correlation (r_s = .015) was found between subjective and objective EF measures.
  • Higher levels of rumination and higher IQ scores were associated with a greater underestimation of objective EF performance.

Conclusions:

  • Subjective and objective measures of EFs show minimal overlap in individuals with MDD.
  • Clinical assessments of EFs in depression should incorporate both subjective and objective evaluations.
  • Interventions targeting rumination may help mitigate the underestimation of cognitive deficits in MDD.