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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Disruption of Frontal Lobe Neural Synchrony During Cognitive Control by Alcohol Intoxication
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Exploring relationships between alcohol consumption, inflammation, and brain structure in a heavy drinking sample.

Hollis C Karoly1,2, Carillon J Skrzynski3, Erin N Moe4

  • 1Institute for Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.

Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research
|September 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Heavy alcohol consumption is linked to brain structure changes, including reduced gray matter thickness and increased white matter diffusivity. Lower gray matter thickness correlates with higher neurofilament light polypeptide (NfL) levels, a marker of neuronal damage.

Keywords:
alcoholbrain structureinflammationneurofilament light (NfL)neuroimaging

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Addiction Research
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Chronic alcohol consumption is associated with brain structural changes and systemic inflammation.
  • Neurofilament light polypeptide (NfL) is a potential biomarker for neuronal damage and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • The relationship between alcohol use disorder and NfL has not been previously explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between heavy alcohol consumption, brain structure, and circulating NfL levels.
  • To explore the role of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in this relationship.
  • To develop and test a conceptual model linking alcohol intake, brain changes, and NfL.

Main Methods:

  • Secondary data analysis of 182 participants, with subsets providing data on gray matter (GM) thickness, white matter (WM) diffusivity, NfL, and IL-6.
  • GM thickness measured in middle frontal regions; WM diffusivity assessed using Tract Based Spatial Statistics.
  • Regression models and path analysis were used to test the conceptual model.

Main Results:

  • Heavy drinking (drinks per drinking day, DPDD) was negatively associated with GM thickness and positively associated with WM diffusivity.
  • Lower GM thickness was significantly associated with higher circulating NfL levels.
  • The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 was not significantly associated with alcohol use, GM, or WM.

Conclusions:

  • This study demonstrates that heavy drinking is associated with reduced GM thickness and increased WM diffusivity.
  • Lower GM thickness in heavy drinkers is linked to elevated NfL levels in the blood.
  • The inflammatory cytokine IL-6 does not appear to mediate the observed effects of alcohol on brain structure and NfL.