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Hair and hair follicles are integral components of the integumentary system. Hair is a filamentous structure composed mainly of a protein called keratin. It is found on the surface of the skin throughout the body, except for areas such as the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
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Updated: Oct 20, 2025

A Technique for Subcutaneous Abdominal Adipose Tissue Biopsy via a Non-diathermy Method
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Hair Removal Practices: A Literature Review.

Cindy Na-Young Kang1, Monica Shah1, Charles Lynde2,3

  • 1Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Skin Therapy Letter
|September 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Explore diverse hair removal methods, including depilation and epilation techniques. While most are temporary, electrolysis offers permanent removal, with eflornithine cream slowing facial hair growth. Further research is needed for light hair types.

Keywords:
Vaniqachemical depilatoriesdepilationelectrolysisepilationhair removallaser hair removalphotodynamic therapypluckingshavingsugaringthreadingwaxing

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Cosmetic Science

Background:

  • Hair removal practices are influenced by social, cultural, religious, and aesthetic factors.
  • Methods are broadly categorized into depilation (hair shaft removal) and epilation (hair shaft, follicle, and bulb removal).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and categorize various hair removal techniques.
  • To highlight the efficacy, adverse events, and limitations of current methods, particularly for different hair and skin types.

Main Methods:

  • Classification of hair removal into depilation (shaving, chemical depilatories) and epilation (plucking, threading, waxing, sugaring, lasers, intense pulsed light system, electrolysis, photodynamic therapy).
  • Inclusion of eflornithine hydrochloride 13.9% cream as a pharmacologic agent to slow facial hair growth.
  • Review of existing literature on the efficacy and side effects of each method.

Main Results:

  • Depilation removes only the hair shaft, while epilation removes the entire hair structure.
  • Electrolysis is the only permanent hair removal method; others are temporary.
  • Eflornithine hydrochloride cream is approved to reduce facial hair growth, often used adjunctively.
  • Most studies focus on darker hair and fairer skin, indicating a need for research on lighter hair types.

Conclusions:

  • A wide array of hair removal techniques exist, each with distinct mechanisms, efficacy, and potential adverse events.
  • Current research predominantly covers specific hair and skin types, necessitating broader investigation.
  • Understanding these methods is crucial for informed choices in personal grooming and cosmetic procedures.