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Anticipatory weight shift between arms when reaching from a crouched posture.

Rosemary Gallagher1, Stephanie Perez1, Derek DeLuca1

  • 1Department of Physical Therapy, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|September 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) are crucial for reaching from a crouched position. These movements involve bimanual arm muscle activity to shift body weight, mirroring patterns seen in human stepping and animal locomotion.

Keywords:
anticipatory postural actionbimanualcrawlingreaching

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Motor Control
  • Human Movement Science

Background:

  • Reaching movements from a crouched posture involve complex body weight shifts.
  • Previous research has largely focused on reaching from seated or standing positions, leaving crouched reaching understudied.
  • Understanding these movements is crucial for grasping fundamental principles of posture-movement coordination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of anticipatory postural actions (APAs) in body weight shifts during crouched reaching.
  • To determine if weight shifts are controlled proactively or reactively.
  • To compare APAs during crouched reaching with those during step initiation.

Main Methods:

  • 11 healthy participants performed reaching movements from a crouched posture.
  • Experiments involved varying arm speed (comfortable, fast) and postural stability (knees together, knees apart).
  • Data collected included force plate records, hand kinematics, and arm muscle activity.

Main Results:

  • Crouched reaching involves bimanual APAs to shift body weight, similar to step initiation.
  • APAs were present in both speed conditions and were more pronounced in the less stable knees-together posture.
  • Muscle activity in the reach and stance arms preceded the weight shift, indicating a causal role.

Conclusions:

  • Body weight shifts during crouched reaching are primarily driven by anticipatory, not reactive, postural control.
  • The observed APAs share functional similarities with human stepping and animal reaching, suggesting a core mechanism in posture-movement coordination.
  • These findings highlight the importance of APAs in adapting to postural demands during complex movements.