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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Pipe Systems01:21

Multiple Pipe Systems

930
Multipipe systems consist of complex configurations of interconnected pipes designed to transport fluids efficiently across intricate networks. They are essential in engineering applications requiring precise control over flow distribution, pressure, and head loss. They are categorized into series, parallel, loop, and network configurations, each distinguished by unique flow characteristics and applications.
Series Configuration
In a series configuration, fluid flows sequentially from one pipe...
930
Single Pipe Systems01:24

Single Pipe Systems

252
In pipe flow analysis, problems are typically categorized into three types — Type I, Type II, and Type III — based on the known parameters and the desired outcome. Each type of problem addresses specific engineering requirements using fluid properties, pipe characteristics, and operational conditions.
In a Type I problem, fluid properties (density and viscosity), pipe characteristics (including diameter, length, and surface roughness), and the flow rate or average velocity are...
252
Pumped Concrete01:13

Pumped Concrete

151
Concrete in large quantities can be pumped across long distances for placing in inaccessible sites. This system comprises a hopper that receives concrete from a mixer, a pump to propel the concrete, and pipelines that facilitate its delivery.
For direct-acting pumps, the concrete enters the pump via the inlet valve under the action of gravity and suction created by the movement of the piston. This concrete is then forced into the pipeline and out through the outlet valve by the forward movement...
151
Minor Losses in Pipes01:25

Minor Losses in Pipes

1.4K
In pipe systems, minor losses refer to energy losses arising from components such as valves, bends, fittings, expansions, and other features that disrupt the steady flow of fluid. These disturbances cause energy dissipation through turbulence and resistance, which engineers quantify to manage system efficiency effectively.
Valves play a significant role in generating minor losses by obstructing or redirecting the fluid flow. When a valve is closed or partially closed, it restricts the flow...
1.4K
Design Example: Flow of Oil Through Circular Pipes01:25

Design Example: Flow of Oil Through Circular Pipes

220
Understanding fluid flow behavior through pipes is critical in fluid mechanics, especially in applications like oil transportation through pipelines. Hagen-Poiseuille's law provides an exact solution derived from the Navier-Stokes equations for steady, incompressible, and laminar flow within a circular pipe. Hagen-Poiseuille's law helps determine the necessary pressure drop across a pipeline section by determining parameters like pipe length, radius, oil viscosity, and the desired...
220
Major Losses in Pipes01:28

Major Losses in Pipes

1.4K
When a fluid flows through a pipe, it experiences energy losses due to frictional resistance along the pipe walls, known as major losses. These energy losses result in a pressure drop, which varies based on the flow conditions — whether laminar or turbulent — and the specific physical properties of the fluid and pipe.
Fluid flow can be classified as laminar or turbulent, primarily based on the Reynolds number. This dimensionless number reflects the relative influence of inertial to...
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Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Visualization of Flow Field Around a Vibrating Pipeline Within an Equilibrium Scour Hole
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Challenging the pipeline.

Peter Loskill1, Rhiannon N Hardwick2, Adrian Roth3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany; 3R-Center for In vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal Testing, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

Stem Cell Reports
|September 15, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This commentary explores a novel drug discovery approach prioritizing human and disease-relevant models. It outlines a framework for a new drug development paradigm, moving beyond traditional methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical research
  • Drug discovery and development
  • Translational medicine

Background:

  • Traditional drug discovery relies heavily on animal models and in vitro assays.
  • These methods often fail to accurately predict human responses, leading to high attrition rates.
  • A paradigm shift is needed to enhance the predictive power of preclinical models.

Discussion:

  • Proposes a hypothetical drug discovery program centered on human- and disease-relevant models.
  • Emphasizes integrating systems biology, omics data, and advanced computational approaches.
  • Advocates for a holistic strategy from target identification to clinical validation.

Key Insights:

  • Human-relevant models are crucial for improving drug efficacy and safety predictions.
  • Prioritizing these models can streamline the drug development pipeline.
  • This approach necessitates a multidisciplinary collaboration and innovative technological integration.

Outlook:

  • Potential to accelerate the delivery of effective therapeutics to patients.
  • Could reduce the cost and failure rate associated with drug development.
  • Sets the stage for future research into optimized, human-centric drug discovery frameworks.