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The diffuse γ-ray background is dominated by star-forming galaxies.

Matt A Roth1, Mark R Krumholz2,3, Roland M Crocker2

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Star-forming galaxies alone explain the diffuse gamma-ray background. A new physical model accurately predicts gamma-ray emission from cosmic ray interactions in galaxies, matching Fermi telescope observations.

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Area of Science:

  • Astrophysics
  • Cosmic Ray Physics
  • Galactic Astronomy

Background:

  • The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope detected a diffuse gamma-ray background.
  • Previous models struggled to constrain contributions from active galactic nuclei and star-forming galaxies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a physical model for gamma-ray emission from star-forming galaxies.
  • To determine if star-forming galaxies can fully account for the isotropic gamma-ray background.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a physical model for gamma-ray emission from cosmic ray interactions with the interstellar medium.
  • Validated the model against local galaxy observations.
  • Applied the model to the cosmological star-forming galaxy population.

Main Results:

  • The physical model accurately matches the intensity and spectral slope of the observed gamma-ray background.
  • Star-forming galaxies alone can explain the full diffuse, isotropic gamma-ray background.
  • The model does not rely on empirical scalings.

Conclusions:

  • Star-forming galaxies are the primary contributors to the diffuse extragalactic gamma-ray background.
  • This study provides a robust physical explanation for the observed gamma-ray background.
  • The findings resolve a long-standing question in high-energy astrophysics.