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The Spatial and Temporal Characterization of Gut Microbiota in Broilers.

Qianqian Zhou1, Fangren Lan1, Xiaochang Li1

  • 1National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.

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Summary

The chicken gut microbiota composition changes significantly with age and location in the intestine. Understanding these dynamics, particularly the rise of beneficial bacteria like Lactobacillus, is key for improving poultry health.

Keywords:
broilergut microbiotasegment-related bacteriaspatial heterogeneitytemporal colonization

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Area of Science:

  • * Animal Science
  • * Microbiology
  • * Genomics

Background:

  • * The gut microbiota is crucial for chicken physiology, but its development and distribution remain unclear.
  • * Characterizing the dynamic succession of gut microbes is essential for understanding host-microbe interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the temporal and spatial dynamics of the chicken gut microbiota.
  • * To identify key microbial shifts and their correlation with host age and intestinal site.

Main Methods:

  • * 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on duodenal, cecal, and fecal samples from broilers at 1, 7, 21, and 35 days of age.
  • * Analysis focused on microbial diversity, composition, and abundance across different gut sections and ages.

Main Results:

  • * Firmicutes was the dominant phylum across all sites and ages. Microbial diversity and composition varied significantly by gut site and age.
  • * Cecal microbial diversity increased with age, stabilizing by 21 days. Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 dominated early but decreased with age.
  • * Lactobacillus and Escherichia-Shigella abundances increased with age, particularly in the duodenum and feces. Short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria were identified as cecal biomarkers after 21 days.

Conclusions:

  • * Chicken gut microbiota exhibits distinct temporal and spatial developmental patterns.
  • * Age-specific microbial profiles offer insights into host physiology and potential targets for poultry health interventions.