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A fluorescence microscope uses fluorescent chromophores called fluorochromes, which can absorb energy from a light source and then emit this energy as visible light. Fluorochromes include naturally fluorescent substances (such as chlorophylls) and fluorescent stains that are added to the specimen to create contrast. Dyes such as Texas red and FITC are examples of fluorochromes. Other examples include the nucleic acid dyes 4’,6’-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and acridine orange.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Extraction of Venom and Venom Gland Microdissections from Spiders for Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analyses

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Published on: November 3, 2014

Snake Venom Identification via Fluorescent Discrimination.

Fei Chen¹, Meng Qin², Wei Liu³

¹College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Coordination Materials and Applications, Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Centre of Graphene-like Materials and Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.

Analytical Chemistry

|September 16, 2021

Summary

A novel fluorescent sensor array effectively identifies and differentiates snake venoms, aiding rapid clinical diagnosis. This technology accurately analyzes complex venom components and mixtures, improving patient treatment outcomes.

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Toxicology

Background:

Accurate snake venom identification is crucial for effective clinical treatment.
The complex composition of snake venom presents significant challenges for rapid and precise analysis.
Existing methods may lack the speed or accuracy required for timely diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel fluorescent sensor array for the rapid and accurate identification and discrimination of snake venoms.
To mimic the principles of biological taste sensing for enhanced venom detection.
To assess the sensor array's performance in complex biological matrices and with potential interferents.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a multi-fluorescent dye sensor array.
Utilizing the differential interaction of snake venom components with fluorescent dyes to generate a unique response signature.
Testing the sensor array's ability to identify specific venom proteins, differentiate various snake venoms, and analyze samples in buffer and human plasma.

Main Results:

The sensor array achieved 100% accuracy in identifying six main snake venom proteins at various concentrations and in mixtures.
Seven distinct snake venoms from different families were successfully discriminated in both PBS buffer and human plasma.
The sensor array demonstrated practicality by distinguishing venoms in the presence of common biological interferents like bovine serum albumin (BSA), thrombin, and transferrin (TRF).

Conclusions:

The developed fluorescent sensor array offers an effective strategy for rapid and accurate snake venom toxicology analysis.
This multi-response sensor array technology has significant potential to benefit early and timely clinical diagnosis and treatment of snakebites.
The findings highlight the promise of bio-inspired sensor systems for complex analytical challenges in clinical toxicology.