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Updated: Jul 30, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
[Nasal reconstruction with paramedian forehead flaps]
Marie-Luise Schiffmann1, Dominik Schlarb2
1Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Von-Esmarch Str. 58, 48149, Münster, Deutschland.
Abstract:
The nose has an important function in the esthetic perception of the face. The esthetic coverage of defects on the nose is therefore of particular importance; however, the position is exposed to sunlight and poses a particular risk for the development of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) and melanomas. After tumor excision, the size of the defect is decisive for defect closure. In addition, multilayer defects in which the cartilage or mucous membranes must be reconstructed by plastic surgery, represent a particular challenge for the surgeon. There are various options for reconstruction depending on the extent of the defects on the nose. This article gives an overview of the paramedian forehead flap, the indications and implementation.

