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Related Concept Videos

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

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Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at...
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Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications01:30

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

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Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...
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Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device
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Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device

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Membrane-Current Collector-Based Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization System: A Novel Stack Configuration for

Longqian Xu1, Yunfeng Mao1, Yang Zong1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.

Environmental Science & Technology
|September 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary

A novel gradient flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) system simplifies device design and enhances desalination performance. This innovative stack configuration offers a stable and energy-efficient solution for large-scale water treatment.

Keywords:
electrode regenerationflow-electrode capacitive deionizationmembrane-current collectorscale-up desalinationstack configuration

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Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone
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Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions
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Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions
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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Water treatment technologies
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) is a promising technology for scalable desalination.
  • Existing FCDI systems face challenges in simultaneously improving scale and cell configuration for better performance.
  • There is a need for innovative FCDI designs that enhance efficiency and simplify operation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel gradient FCDI system with a membrane-current collector assembly.
  • To demonstrate in situ regeneration of flow electrodes via charge neutralization within a single cycle.
  • To evaluate the system's performance for scalable and energy-efficient desalination.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a gradient FCDI system utilizing a membrane-current collector assembly.
  • Single-cycle operation enabling in situ regeneration of flow electrodes.
  • Performance evaluation using metrics like salt rejection, productivity (P), average salt removal rate (ASRR), and energy-normalized removed salt (ENRS).

Main Results:

  • The gradient FCDI system achieved significant improvements in desalinating performance.
  • Optimal conditions (10 wt% carbon, 3000 mg L⁻¹ salinity, 1.2 V) yielded high productivity (56.7 L m⁻² h⁻¹).
  • The system demonstrated robust performance (ASRR = 1.07 μmol cm⁻² min⁻¹) and energy efficiency (ENRS = 7.8 μmol J⁻¹) during long-term operation.

Conclusions:

  • The stacked gradient FCDI system presents a stable and energy-efficient alternative for large-scale desalination.
  • The novel configuration simplifies device design and operation while improving performance.
  • This approach offers a promising strategy for advancing desalination technology.