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Related Concept Videos

Venous Return01:04

Venous Return

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The circulatory system plays a crucial role in ensuring the optimal functioning of the human body. One of its critical components is venous return - the process that completes the blood circulation cycle. This article will delve into the concept of venous return, how it works, and its significance to our health.
What is Venous Return?
Venous return refers to the rate at which blood flows back to the heart from the body's peripheral veins. It's an integral part of the circulatory system...
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Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation01:25

Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation

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Auscultation, an essential part of a heart examination, is done using a stethoscope. It provides crucial information about heart function and possible heart problems. Due to heart problems, abnormal sounds can be heard during systole or diastole. These sounds include S3 and S4 gallops, opening snaps, systolic clicks, and murmurs.
Abnormal Heart Sounds
Gallops:
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Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation01:31

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation

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In assessing respiratory abnormalities, palpation and auscultation are critical tools for detecting and interpreting various pathophysiological changes. These techniques provide insight into underlying disorders by evaluating tactile sensations and sounds produced by the respiratory system.
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Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation01:27

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation

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Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above...
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Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
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Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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Echo Rounds: Partial Anomalous Systemic and Pulmonary Venous Return.

Madan Mohan Maddali1, Eapen Thomas2, Abdulla Al-Farqani2

  • 1From the Departments of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia.

A&A Practice
|September 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rare congenital heart defect, anomalous drainage of the right superior vena cava to the left atrium, was found in an asymptomatic child. Echocardiography revealed the cause of no hypoxemia despite this unusual venous return.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Congenital Heart Disease

Background:

  • Anomalous systemic venous return is a rare congenital anomaly.
  • Right-sided superior vena cava (RSVC) draining into the left atrium (LA) is an exceptionally rare variant.
  • Sinus venosus atrial septal defects (VSDs) can be associated with anomalous venous drainage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of asymptomatic RSVC to LA drainage in a child.
  • To investigate the mechanism preventing hypoxemia in this anomaly.
  • To highlight the diagnostic utility of echocardiography in complex venous anomalies.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of an asymptomatic child with a heart murmur.
  • Diagnostic workup including echocardiography.
  • Saline contrast transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for detailed venous assessment.

Main Results:

  • Diagnosis of a superior sinus venosus atrial septal defect with partial anomalous systemic and pulmonary venous drainage.
  • Right superior vena cava found to override the atrial septum and drain directly into the left atrium.
  • Absence of hypoxemia despite the intracardiac shunt, explained by saline contrast TEE findings.

Conclusions:

  • Anomalous RSVC to LA drainage can occur asymptomatically in children.
  • Specific anatomical configurations, visualized by echocardiography, can prevent systemic arterial desaturation.
  • Early diagnosis and understanding of venous anomalies are crucial for pediatric cardiac care.