Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

What is Evolutionary History?02:35

What is Evolutionary History?

40.8K
Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.
40.8K
The Fossil Record02:56

The Fossil Record

26.2K
The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
26.2K
Conservation of Declining Populations02:07

Conservation of Declining Populations

10.6K
Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.
10.6K
Threats to Biodiversity01:50

Threats to Biodiversity

23.9K
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
23.9K
Diversity of Protists III01:27

Diversity of Protists III

407
Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...
407
Speciation Rates01:07

Speciation Rates

21.8K
Overview
21.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Extraordinary siblings: Mole rats, marmosets, and Radcliffe-Brown.

PloS oneยท2025
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Laboratory Simulation of an IronII-rich Precambrian Marine Upwelling System to Explore the Growth of Photosynthetic Bacteria
09:45

Laboratory Simulation of an IronII-rich Precambrian Marine Upwelling System to Explore the Growth of Photosynthetic Bacteria

Published on: July 24, 2016

11.9K

Barbarigenesis and the collapse of complex societies: Rome and after.

Doug Jones1

  • 1Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America.

Plos One
|September 16, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Mathematical models explain how peripheral societies develop "barbarism" in response to richer neighbors. This wealth-power mismatch can lead to declines in social complexity, as seen in early medieval Europe.

More Related Videos

A Concoction Pipeline for Generating Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) Among Riparian and Aquatic Beetles
10:23

A Concoction Pipeline for Generating Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) Among Riparian and Aquatic Beetles

Published on: July 11, 2025

318
Simulation of Early Earth Hydrothermal Chimneys in a Thermal Gradient Environment
06:29

Simulation of Early Earth Hydrothermal Chimneys in a Thermal Gradient Environment

Published on: February 27, 2021

3.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 20, 2025

Laboratory Simulation of an IronII-rich Precambrian Marine Upwelling System to Explore the Growth of Photosynthetic Bacteria
09:45

Laboratory Simulation of an IronII-rich Precambrian Marine Upwelling System to Explore the Growth of Photosynthetic Bacteria

Published on: July 24, 2016

11.9K
A Concoction Pipeline for Generating Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) Among Riparian and Aquatic Beetles
10:23

A Concoction Pipeline for Generating Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) Among Riparian and Aquatic Beetles

Published on: July 11, 2025

318
Simulation of Early Earth Hydrothermal Chimneys in a Thermal Gradient Environment
06:29

Simulation of Early Earth Hydrothermal Chimneys in a Thermal Gradient Environment

Published on: February 27, 2021

3.7K

Area of Science:

  • Socioeconomics
  • Mathematical Modeling
  • Historical Dynamics

Background:

  • Defines "barbarism" as a syndrome in peripheral societies reacting to developed neighbors.
  • Introduces a game theory model where players choose between wealth production and conflict.
  • Highlights the paradoxical outcome where richer players may lose to poorer ones due to higher opportunity costs of conflict.

Observation:

  • Develops a spatial model with multiple players, revealing a wealth-power mismatch.
  • Central regions tend to have more wealth than power.
  • Peripheral regions exhibit more power relative to their wealth.

Findings:

  • A wealth-power mismatch drives a long-term decline in social complexity.
  • This decline spreads from developed to less developed regions.
  • The process continues until wealth and power become more balanced.

Implications:

  • The model provides a framework for understanding historical societal dynamics, particularly in Europe during the first millennium CE.
  • It offers insights into the rise and fall of social complexity.
  • Discusses the model's limitations and its applicability to modern societies.